1st Vertebrate Quiz

Question 1

Homoplasy

Answer 1

Character similarity due solely to physical appearance

Eg. Leaf insect and leaf

Question 2

How can a feature be both homologous and homoplastic?

Answer 2

Both homoplastic and homologous means that the character looks the same, has the same orgin but not the same function

Eg. Cat tail=cute looks
Monkey tail=funtional organ

Question 3

What is predaptation?

Answer 3

The early adaptation of a function that best suites for that specific function. Adaptation may arise before that actual function has taken place.

Question 4

Example of preadaptation

Answer 4

Feathers. Early time feathers functioned as insulation to keep organism warm. Then feathers adapted for the use of flight but was already a feature.
Does not mean anticipation of a future role
Aerodynamic nature, preadapted for flight

Question 5

Homology

Answer 5

Character similarity due to common ancestry

Eg. Dolphin flipper & cat fore limb

Question 6

5 morphological characteristics of chordates

Answer 6

Notochord-flexible movement
Pharyngeal slits-food later respiration
Endostyle-metabolism/filter feeding
Dorsal nerve cord-early nervous system
Post anal tail-locomotion

Question 7

Acanthodii

Answer 7

Extinct, non-bony fish with many spikes

Question 8

Labyrinthodont

Answer 8

Large extinct amphibians with labryinth teeth

Question 9

Pelycosaurs

Answer 9

Extinct early synapsids called “mammal-like reptiles” but technically is neither

Question 10

Ostracoderms

Answer 10

Extinct armored jawless fish

Question 11

Ichthyosaurs

Answer 11

Extinct dolphin like reptile with fish tails

Question 12

Afrotheria

Answer 12

Large moden mammals of africa

Question 13

2 significant morphological feature did prevertebrates evolve

Answer 13

Its was all about change in lifestyle from sedentary filter feeders (early chordates) to actively seeking food req. change in locomotion
A. Improve food acquisition skills, dev muscular pump to suck in food
B. Improve O2/CO2 exchange that some muscular pump has high vascularity for resp.

Question 14

Difference between monophyletic paraphyletic stem group and crown group

Answer 14

Mono-common ancestors
Poly-similar chracteristics
Crown group-organ close together
Stem group-para ancestral

Question 15

Peramorphosis

Answer 15

Exagerrated/extended feature in descedent species relative to ancestral species

Question 16

Hypermorphosis

Answer 16

Peramorphosis due to longer ontongeny and later offset

Question 17

Neotony

Answer 17

Pedomorphosis due to slower growth of character

Question 18

Ontogeny

Answer 18

Development ; may bebpost hatching

Question 19

Paleozoic

Answer 19

Ancient life 595-295 mya

Question 20

Ectoderm

Answer 20

Outer germ layer during embryonic dev

Question 21

Gastrulation

Answer 21

Formation of embryonic gut

Question 22

Schizocoely

Answer 22

Splitting of hypomere leading to formation of coelomic cavity