1st set of questions

Question 1

What is cardiovascular disease (CVD)?

Answer 1

A group of disorders that affect the heart or blood vessels.

Question 2

What are the two types of risk factors for CVD?

Answer 2

Non-modifiable (genetics, age) and modifiable (diet, exercise, smoking).

Question 3

What is the leading cause of death in adults?

Answer 3

Cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Question 4

What is the “sink and pipe” metaphor for atherosclerosis?

Answer 4

The arteries clog over time, like a pipe, until a major blockage (heart attack, stroke) occurs.

Question 5

What was the key finding of the Steven N. Blair study?

Answer 5

Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is the best predictor of all-cause mortality.

Question 6

What is the VO2max threshold related to mortality risk?

Answer 6

Below 27.6 ml/kg/min increases the risk of death.

Question 7

How much does a 1-MET increase reduce mortality risk?

Answer 7

13% decrease in all-cause mortality and 15% decrease in CVD.

Question 8

How does exercise affect birth weight?

Answer 8

It does not reduce birth weight excessively but helps prevent macrosomia.

Question 9

What is the minimum recommended physical activity for adults?

Answer 9

7,500 steps/day or 15-20 min/week of vigorous activity.

Question 10

How does muscular strength relate to cardiovascular risk in children?

Answer 10

Lower strength (e.g., handgrip) is linked to higher CVD risk.