1st Sem Midterms Flashcards
Cell death by necrosis due to mitochondrial dysfunction will be preceded by which event?
a. Increased sirtuins
b. Release of cytochrome C
c. Formation of mitochondrial permeability transition pores
d. Imbalance of BCL2 proteins causing outer membrane leakiness
c. Formation of mitochondrial permeability transition pores
Overdose with acetaminophen can be treated by:
a. N-acetylcysteine
b. Thiamine
c. Naloxone
d. Activated charcoal
a. N-acetylcysteine
A 19 y/o female develops a sore throat and fever during the past day. Physical Exam shows pharyngeal erythema and congestion. She is given naproxen. Which of the following features of the acute inflammatory response is most affected by the drug
a. Vasodilation
b. Emigration
c. Leukocytosis
d. Phagocytosis
a. Vasodilation
True about EXUDATE
a. Low protein and little to no cellular debris
b. It is essentially an ultraHltrate of the blood
c. This is an implication that there is increased permeability triggered by some sort of tissue injury
d. This is an implication of osmotic or hydrostatic imbalances in the vessels, without an increase in the permeability of the vascular walls.
c. This is an implication that there is increased permeability triggered by some sort of tissue injury
Member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, is an adhesion molecule present in the intercellular junction
a. CD34
b. CD31
c. ICAM
d. VCAM
b. CD31
The increase in heart size in chronic hemodynamic overload due to hypertension is largely due to
a. Fatty change
b. Myocyte intracellular accumulation
c. Muscle hyperplasia
d. Myocyte hypertrophy
d. Myocyte hypertrophy
Alcohol metabolism by the enzyme catalase is seen in which part of the hepatocyte?
a. Peroxisome
b. Mitochondria
c. Microsomes
d. Cytosol
a. Peroxisome
This complement protein acts as an opsonin when fixed to the microbial cell wall.
a. C1q
b. C5a
c. C3b
d. C3a
c. C3b
Formed by homotypic extracellular interactions between transmembrane glycoproteins that mechanically attach cells and their cytoskeletons to other cells.
a. Occluding junctions
b. Anchoring junctions
c. Gap junctions
d. Communicating junctions
b. Anchoring junctions
A Trinucleotide repeat mutations are amplifications of a sequence of three nucleotides, they also are associated with an anticipation-type of inheritance, An example is the second most common cause of Mental retardation with a prominent PE finding of macro-orchidism. What nucleotide repeat will be seen in this patient?
a. CAG
b. GAA
c. CGA
d. GCA
e. None of the above
e. None of the above
The case is Fragile X syndrome which is CGG.
This is produced by COX-1 which is expressed constitutively by “healthy” endothelium under normal flow conditions.
a. PGE2
b. PGF2
c. PGI2
d. PGD2
c. PGI2
Indicate type of hypersensitivity reaction: Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
a. Type I
b. Type II
c. Type III
d. Type IV
c. Type III
Which of the following does not belong to adaptive immunity?
a. Antibodies
b. Dendritic cell
c. Epithelial barriers
d. T-Lymphocyte
c. Epithelial barriers
The most potent hallucinogen.
a. MDMA
b. LSD
c. PCP
d. Cocaine
b. LSD
Ubiquitous mold that microscopically have septate filaments branching at acute angles
a. Aspergillus
b. Mucor spp
c. Blastomyces dermatitidis
d. Coccidiodes immitis
a. Aspergillus
B cells develop in the bone marrow, now as a step in their maturation, B cells that recognize self antigen will undergo what process after?
a. Apoptosis
b. MHC restriction
c. Receptor editing
d. Somatic recombination
c. Receptor editing
The following causes vascular permeability except:
a. Prostaglandin D2
b. Prostaglandin E2
c. Leukotriene D4
d. None of the above
d. None of the above
Which cellular change may be reversed when injurious stimuli is removed?
a. Pyknosis
b. Swelling of endoplasmic reticulum
c. Both
d. Neither
b. Swelling of endoplasmic reticulum
A 6 y/o child has a legs appearing “bowed” and a chest xray is notable for excess cartilage at the costochondral junction of the ribs. She is most likely suffering from
a. Ricketts
b. Achondroplasia
c. Osteoid osteoma
d. Osteoporosis
a. Ricketts
Release of this molecule happens as a protective response to deal with hypoxic stress; this molecule promotes new blood vessel formation, stimulates cell survival pathways, and enhances glycolysis.
a. VEGF-A
b. Angiostatin
c. VEGF-D
d. HIF-1
d. HIF-1
The following categories of pathophysiology of edema and the clinical condition are correct, except:
a. Nephrotic syndrome-decreased oncotic pressure
b. Sodium retention-increased hydrostatic pressure
c. Kwashoirkor-decreased oncotic pressure
d. Filariasis-lymphatic obstruction
e. None of the above
e. None of the above
Rocker bottom feet is frequently observed in patients with
a. Trisonomy 13
b. Trisonomy 21
c. Trisonomy 18
d. None of the above
a. Trisonomy 13
DNA structural variations in the genome that involve the deletion, duplication, or rearrangement of large DNA segments.
a. Single nucleotide polymorphisms
b. Copy number variation
c. Tandem repeats
d. Chromosal aberrations
e. None of the above
b. Copy number variation
Autoimmune haemolytic anemia is an example of this hypersensitivity
a. Type I
b. Type II
c. Type III
d. Type IV
b. Type II
The most common sexually transmitted bacterial disease is
a. N. gonorrhea
b. C. trachomatis
c. Both
d. None of the above
b. C. trachomatis
Deposition of immune complex is seen in which hypersensitivity reaction
a. Type I
b. Type II
c. Type III
d. Type IV
c. Type III
Cell change characterized by fading basophilia, presumably due to enzymatic degradation by endonucleases.
a. Karyorrhexis
b. Karyolysis
c. Karyoptosis
d. Pyknosis
b. Karyolysis
Pathology of myasthenia gravis is due to:
a. Phagocytosis
b. Vasoactive release of amines
c. Antibody mediated cellular dysfuction
d. Immune complex deposition
d. Immune complex deposition
Receptor protein responsible for the binding of platelets to vwf on ECM?
a. GpIa
b. GpIb
c. GpIIb
d. GpIIb/IIIa
b. GpIb
A clinicopathologic entity with a triad of dry eyes, dry mouth and arthritis.
a. Scleroderma
b. Sjogren syndrome
c. SLE
d. Dermatomyositis
b. Sjogren syndrome
Minamata disease is a disease seen in ___ toxicity.
a. Cadmium
b. Mercury
c. Lead
d. Arsenic
b. Mercury
An alteration within cells or in extracellular space which gives a homogenous glassy pink appearance in routine H&E histologic sections is called:
a. Coagulation necrosis
b. Steatosis
c. Hyaline change
d. Fibrinoid necrosis
c. Hyaline change
The following are autosomal dominant disorders except:
a. Huntington disease
b. Myotonic dystrophy
c. Duchenne muscular dystrophy
d. Hereditary spherocytosis
c. Duchenne muscular dystrophy
X-linked recessive
Aflatoxin has been associated with the development of this malignancy.
a. Lung cancer
b. Acute Myeloid Leukemia
c. Angiosarcoma
d. Liver cancer
d. Liver cancer
Which of the following is a stable cell
a. Epidermis
b. Cardiac Myocytes
c. Neuron
d. Hepatocyte
d. Hepatocyte
What do both the skin and gut epithelial cells produce to protect against infectious disease?
a. IgA antibodies
b. IgG antibodies
c. IgM antibodies
d. IgE antibodies
a. IgA antibodies
A nematode that causes patchy interstitial myocarditis characterized by many eosinophil and scattered giant cells.
a. Trichinella spiralis
b. T. cruzi
c. S. mansoni
d. N. gonorrhea
a. Trichinella spiralis
Which of these cytokine has a role in allergies?
a. Th1
b. Th2
c. Th4
d. Th17
e. None of the above
b. Th2
Glycogen storage diseases arises with lack of the following enzyme, except
a. Acid maltase
b. Muscle phosphorylase
c. Glucose 6 phospatase
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
e. None of the above