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1ST QUIZ Flashcards

Memorize and Recall

1
Q

What is Psychology?

A

It is a scientific study of mind and behavior encompasses mental states, process, and behavior of human and animal both unconscious and conscious.

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2
Q

Greek word “psyche’ means?

A

Soul

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3
Q

“Ology” denotes?

A

Scientific study of

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4
Q

Steps in Scientific Inquiry

A
  1. Defining the research problem
  2. Specifying research question/ constructing hypothesis
  3. Designing research method and procedure
  4. Gathering and Interpreting Data
  5. Constructing Conclusion and Recommendation
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5
Q

Focused on the study and investigation of certain behavior with the application of one or a combination of scientific methods

A

Science of Psychology

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6
Q

To study the mind, one has to associate the way of thinking of an individual to his behavior

A

Study of Behavior

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7
Q

Behavior of a man or what runs in his mind

A

Study of Behavior

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8
Q

Forms of cognition, ways of knowing man’s perception, attention, and capability to remember, to reason, and to solve problems

A

Mental Processes

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9
Q

Dreams, fantasies, wishes, and anticipation

A

Mental Processes

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10
Q

Response or action of an individual as a matter of psychological study

A

Behavior

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11
Q

Actions and reactions of the individual when exposed or placed in a certain situation or environment

A

Behavior

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12
Q

TYPES OF BEHAVIOR: behavior that is outwardly manifested

A

Overt

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13
Q

TYPES OF BEHAVIOR: activities that are hidden

A

Covert

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14
Q

TYPES OF BEHAVIOR: acts that are within the level of one’s awareness

A

Conscious

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15
Q

TYPES OF BEHAVIOR: acts that are not within the level of one’s awareness

A

Unconscious

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16
Q

TYPES OF BEHAVIOR: acts that are exercised with reason

A

Rational

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17
Q

TYPES OF BEHAVIOR: acts that are committed for no apparent reason or explanation

A

Irrational

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18
Q

TYPES OF BEHAVIOR: acts are done with full volition or will

A

Voluntary

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19
Q

TYPES OF BEHAVIOR: processes within our body that go on even while we are sleeping

A

Involuntary

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20
Q

TYPES OF BEHAVIOR: involved few neurons in the processing of behaving

A

Simple

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21
Q

TYPES OF BEHAVIOR: involved more number of neurons in the processing of behaving

A

Complex

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22
Q

This tells us what kind of behavior occurred

A

Describing behaviors

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23
Q

Detailed characterization of responses, actions, and reactions when encountering a certain situation or phenomenon.

A

Describing behaviors

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24
Q

This tell us why a certain behavior occurred

A

Understand and explain behavior

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25
Q

When researchers can specify the conditions under which a behavior or event is likely to occur. Some methods to be used: psychological tests; past behavior

A

Identify factors to help predict behavior

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26
Q

This is when researchers know how to apply a principle or change a condition to prevent unwanted occurrences or to bring about desired outcomes

A

Control or change behavior

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27
Q

Father of Psychology

A

Wilhelm Wundt

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28
Q

Father of Modern Psychology and Psychoanalysis

A

Sigmund Freud

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29
Q

WIlhelm Wundt establishes the first psychology laboratory in

A

Leipzig, Germany

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30
Q

WIlhelm Wundt establishes the first psychology laboratory in what year?

A

1879

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31
Q

The proponent of Structuralism

A

WIlhelm Wundt

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32
Q

The proponent of Functionalism

A

William James

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33
Q

The proponent of Psychoanalysis

A

Sigmund Freud

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34
Q

Proponent of Behaviorism in 1924

A

John B. Watson

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35
Q

Refers to the origin and development of mental functions, traits, or states.

A

Psychogenesis

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36
Q

Which period does “animism” belong to?

A

Ancient Period

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37
Q

Which period does Democritus belong to?

A

Greek Period

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38
Q

Gods and spirits are attributed to be the direct cause of events and activities of man.

A

Animism

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39
Q

He theorized that the human mind is composed of atoms, which penetrates in and out of our system

A

Democritus

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40
Q

An ancient Greek philosopher whose philosophical ideas contributed to the former establishment of psychology as a scientific discipline.

A

Socrates

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41
Q

Socrates’ idea of ______________ is fundamental to living a good and meaningful life

A

Knowing oneself

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42
Q

From what century era is Socrates’ from?

A

5th Century

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43
Q

He believed that the soul is distinct from man and is God-given.

A

Plato (428-347 BCE)

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44
Q

Plato argued for the ______________________

A

role of nature in psychological development

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45
Q

Plato’s (3) distinct elements

A

Elements of Reason - Head
Spirited Element - Heart
Element of Bodily Appetites and Desire - Diaphragm

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46
Q

He is the first person to put into writing his explanation about the behavior of man.

A

Aristotle (384 to 432 BCE)

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47
Q

A student of Plato who argued for the role of nurture in psychological development

A

Aristotle

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48
Q

Function of the Soul

A

Vegetative
Appetitive
Rational

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49
Q

Basic Maintenance of Life

A

Vegetative

50
Q

Desires and Motives

A

Appetitive

51
Q

Governs reason that is located in the heart, and believe that the brain is merely a gland and performs minor function

52
Q

Father of Medicine and first theorized that mental disorders arise from natural factors; first classify different mental disorders during classical period

A

Hippocrates

53
Q

Theorized the relation of temperament to physiological factors; behavior may be attributed to the humors or vital juices of the body or the bile

54
Q

Yellow - Cheerfulness

55
Q

Green - Sluggishness (Slow)

A

Phlegmatic

56
Q

Black - Sadness

A

Melancholic

57
Q

Red - Irascibility

58
Q

Introduces the method of introspection (The individuals tries to describe his own conscious processes)

A

St. Augustine of Hippo

59
Q

He believes that when the body dies, the soul separates and become a spirit

A

St. Thomas Aquinas

60
Q

He coined the phrase “tabula rasa” which means empty slate.

A

John Locke

61
Q

He introduced the idea of dualism and the concept of reflex action which indicates that the mind and body interact.

A

Rene Descartes

62
Q

Spiritual Entity

63
Q

Physical or Material Entity

64
Q

He gave the difference between impression and ideas, between created image and direct situaition

A

David Hume

65
Q

Father of American Psychology

A

William James

66
Q

He is a student under Wilhelm Wundt and went on to develop the idea of Structuralism

A

Edward Brafford Titchener

67
Q

He is an austrian physician who proposed a theory of personality that emphasized the importance of the unconscious mind.

A

Sigmund Freud

68
Q

He developed his theory of origin in Neurosis

69
Q

He conceptualized the importance of superiority and inferiority as a factor that affects man’s existence

A

Alfred Adler

70
Q

Schools of Psychology

A

Structuralism
Functionalism
Behaviorism
Gestalt Psychology
Psychoanalysis
Cognitive Psychology
Existentialist Psychology
Humanistic Psychology
Biological Psychology

71
Q

proposed explanation or conclusion involves theories, concepts, and basic principles

A

Theoretical Based

72
Q

This is pioneered by Wilhelm Wundt, it contains observation and experiments

A

Experimental Psychology

73
Q

Pioneered by Dorothea Dix, which study the cause of behavioral disorders

A

Abnormal Psychology

74
Q

Pioneered by Robert S. Woodworth (Sigmund Freud) which contains interpretation of internal drives and motives

A

Dynamic Psychology

75
Q

Pioneered by Charles Darwin and Wilhelm Preyer, growth and development

A

Developmental Psychology

76
Q

Pioneered by William Sharp Macleay, behavior and mental processes of different species

A

Comparative Psychology

77
Q

Pioneered by Johann Friedrich Herbart, psychological principles to the problem of education

A

Educational Psychology

78
Q

Pioneered by Hugo Munsterberg,
Business, firms, and industries

A

Industrial-organizational psychology

79
Q

Pioneered by Johann Friedrich Herbart and Kurt Tsadek Lewin, study of people’s behavior in relation to society

A

Social Psychology

80
Q

Pioneered by Carl Rogers,
alleviating and preventing mental illness

A

Counseling Psychology

81
Q

Pioneered by Lightner Witmer
treatment of mental disorders

A

Clinical Psychology

82
Q

Pioneered by Hugo Munsterberg, Legal law or legal proceedings

A

Forensic Psychology

83
Q

Pioneered by Sir Francis Galton,
Measurement of behavior and capacities through psychological tests

A

Psychometric Psychology

84
Q

Pioneered by Charles Darwin, John Harlow, Jane Goodall, Leda Cosmides, John Tooby, application of the principle of biology to the study of mental processes and behavior

A

Biopsychology

85
Q

Pioneered by Grandville Stanley Hall, study of neural mechanisms of perception and behavior through direct manipulation of the brains of nonhuman animal subjects in controlled experiments

A

Physiological Psychology

86
Q

Pioneered by Emil Kraepelin,
a branch of medicine which exist to study, prevent, and treat mental disorders in human

A

Psychiatry

87
Q

Pioneered by Sigmund Freud, pertains to the application of specialized psychological methods to the treatment of diagnosed mental disorder or to the problems of a person’s daily adjustment

A

Psychotheraphy

88
Q

Pioneered by Ralph Gerard,
A subfield of Medicine that deals with the various pharmacological agents such as anti-depressants, anti-anxiety, anti-manic, and anti-psychotic agents utilized to affect behavior, mood, and feelings.

A

Psychotropics

89
Q

Pioneered by Egas Moniz,
Branch of medicine which involves the surgical severing and chemical alterations of brain fibers with purpose of modifying psychological disturbances and other behavior aberrations.

A

Psychosurgery

90
Q

Pioneered by Kurt Lewin, merged the discipline of Sociology and Anthropology

A

Social Psychology

91
Q

Pioneered by Wilhelm Wundt, study of neurobiological factors that enable humans to acquire, use, and understand language

A

Psycholinguistics

92
Q

Addiction Psychology

A

by G. Alan Marlatt

93
Q

Branches/Fields of Psychology

A

Addiction
Behavioral
Cognitive
Cross-cultural
Health
Media
Military
Pediatric
Personality
School
Sports

94
Q

Cognitive Psychology

A

by Ulric Richard, Gustav Neisser, Jean Piaget

95
Q

Behavioral Psychology

A

by John B. Watson

96
Q

Cross-cultural Psychology

A

by Gustav Jahoda, Geert Hofstede, Johann Friedrich Herbart

97
Q

Health Psychology

A

by George C. Stone

98
Q

Media Psychology

A

by Hugo Munsterberg

99
Q

Military Psychology

A

by Robert M. Yerkes

100
Q

Pediatric Psychology

A

by Dorthea Ross, Lee Salk, Logan Wright

101
Q

Personality Psychology

A

by Gordon Allport

102
Q

School Psychology

A

Lightner Witmer

103
Q

Sports Psychology

A

Coleman Griffith

104
Q

Psychology major graduates who acquired licensure

A

Psychometrician

105
Q

Have specialized training in the diagnosis and treatment of mental illnesses. They hold a master’s or doctorate-level qualification in psychology before acquiring their license.

A

Psychologist

106
Q

These are medical doctors. They diagnose illness, manage treatment, and provide a range of therapies for complex and serious mental illness. They prescribe medication that psychologists can’t

A

Psychiatrists

107
Q

Is a mental health professional who has a master’s degree (MA) in psychology, counseling, or a related field.

108
Q

Study of oneself

A

Introspection

109
Q

Method of examining and interpreting but never interfering with the behavior being studied

A

Naturalistic Observation

110
Q

Direct observation: participates with the subject

A

Participant Observation

111
Q

Used when an investigator wants to investigate in large population in short span of time

112
Q

Used to study behavior that can be brought into the laboratory and studied under controlled behavior

A

Experimental Method

113
Q

Search for relationship

A

Correlational Studies

114
Q

A complete detailed account of the phenomenon or any social event which may have scientific value or which may provide insights into group behavior.
A research of the past and its implication at the present status

A

Case History Method

115
Q

Search for materials in libraries or other recorded sources, say, archives

A

Historical Method and Archival Research

116
Q

Useful in investigating and accumulating proofs in the biological basis of learning, memory, and behavior

A

Animal Studies

117
Q

Researchers try to describe the behavior manifested and the change of quality to certain behavior. Ethical guidelines need to be taken into consideration when covert observation is carried out

A

Qualitative and Descriptive Research

118
Q

A research method that observes a particular population over a certain period of time

A

Longitudinal Studies

119
Q

Involves the study of both healthy individuals and patients, typically who have suffered either brain injury or mental illnesses

A

Neuropsychological Methods

120
Q

Is a tool often used in mathematical psychology and cognitive psychology to simulate a particular behavior using a computer

A

Computational Modeling

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