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1st parcial exam Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a map

A

A map is a model of all or part of earths surface

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2
Q

What is a globe

A

Is a sphere that represents Earth’s entire surface

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3
Q

What features are used in maps and globes to represent topography

A

They’re drawn to scale and the use symbols

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4
Q

Mapmakers use symbols for

A

To stand for features on earths surface

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5
Q

What is a maps key

A

Is a list of all the symbols used on the map with explanation of their meaning

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6
Q

What is the equator

A

Halfway between the north and south poles, the equator form an imaginary line that circle the earth

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7
Q

What is a hemisphere

A

Is one half of the sphere that makes up earths surface

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8
Q

What’sthe prime meridian

A

Another imaginary line, called the prime meridian, makes a half circle from the north pole to the south pole

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9
Q

How do scientist measure distances around a circle

A

With degree

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10
Q

What is latitude

A

The equator is the starting line for measuring latitude, or distance in degrees north to south of the equator

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11
Q

What is longitude

A

The distance in degrees east or west of the prime meridian is called longitude

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12
Q

What are the two map projections called

A

Mercator and Equal area projection

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13
Q

What is a map projection

A

A map projection is a framework of lines that help show landmasses on a flat surface

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14
Q

What is a topographic map

A

Is a map showing the surface features of an area

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15
Q

What do mapmakers use to represent elevation, relief, and slopes on topographic maps

A

They use countour lines

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16
Q

What is a contour interval

A

The change in elevation from countour line to countour line

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17
Q

What is a mineral ?

A

A mineral is a naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystal structure and a defnite chemical composition.

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18
Q

What characteristics do minerals have in common

A

Naturraly occuring

Inorganic

Solid

Crystal structure

Defnite chemical structure

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19
Q

What is an element

A

Is a substance composed of a single kind of atom

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20
Q

What happens in a compound

A

In a compound, two or more elements are combined so that the elements are combined so that the elements no longer have distinct properties.

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21
Q

What is a mixture

A

Unlike a compound a mixture something that consists of two or more substances that are mixed together but not chemicaly combined

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22
Q

How can you identify a mineral

A

You can identify it by :

Hardness: Scale that ranks from softness to hardest ( Mohs hardness )

color: Physical property

luster : How shiny it is

streak:The color of the mineral powder

density: Is the mass in a given space, or mass per unit volume

Crystal system

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23
Q

Difference between a fracture and a cleavage

A

Cleavage is a mineral that slipts easily

Fracture describes how a mineral looks when it breaks

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24
Q

What are the processes that form minerals

A

In general, minerals can form in two ways; through crytallization of melted materials, and through crytalization of materials dissolved in water

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25
Q

What is magma

A

Magma is molten material from the mantle that hardens to form rock

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26
Q

What is lava

A

Lava is magma that reaches the surface

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27
Q

How doe minerals form from magma

A

Minerals form as hot magma cools inside the crust, or as lava hardens on the surface

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28
Q

What is a solution

A

A solution is a mixture in wich one substance dissolves in another

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29
Q

How do minerals form from hot water solutions

A

The elements that form a mineral dissolve in hot water

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30
Q

What is a vein

A

A vein is a narrow channel or slab of a mineral that is much different from the surrounding rock.

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31
Q

How do minerals form by evaporation

A

Minerals can also form when solutions evaporate

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32
Q

What are the uses of minerals

A

Minerals are the source of metals, gem-stones, and other materials used to make many products

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33
Q

What are gemstones

A

A gemstone is a hard, colorful mineral that has a brilliant or glassy luster

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34
Q

Examples of metals ( minerals )

A

some minerals are the sources of metals suche as aluminum, iron, copper, or silver.

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35
Q

what is depression

A

A region of low atmosphere preasure

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36
Q

what is a countour line

A

A line on a map connecting the points on the land surface that have the same elevation

37
Q

What do V-shaped contour lines represent

A

valleys, ravines, or gullies

38
Q

What is a high hill top

A

The high point of a hill

39
Q

What’s an orchard

A

An orchard is a type of farm where fruits and nuts aregrown on trees and shrubs

40
Q

What is a vivarium

A

Is an enclosed area for keeping and raising animal or plants

41
Q

Whats compost made of

A

Its made out of organic material that include greens and browns

42
Q

what products should we avoid to put in our compost

A

onion, garlic, plastic, pesticide, meat & dairy products

43
Q

How are Igneous rocks made ?

A

They can be formed by lava and magma

44
Q

Where are the igneous rocks found

A

Inside the earth and its surface

45
Q

How do geologist classify rocks

A

They collect and study samples of rock in order to classify them

46
Q

What do geologist observe when classifying rocks

A

Color & texture

47
Q

What is texture

A

Is the size, shape, and pattern of the rocks grain

48
Q

what are grains

A

A rocks grains give the rock its texture

49
Q

How are igneus rocks classified

A

according to their origin, texture, and mineral composition

50
Q

What is an extrusive rock

A

is an igneous rock formed from lava that erupted onto earths surface

51
Q

What is basalt

A

Is the most common extrusive rock

52
Q

What is an intrusive rock ?

A

Is igneous rock that formed when magma hardened beneath earths surface

53
Q

Whar is granite

A

Is the most abundant intrusive rock

54
Q

What is the size of the crytstals between intrusive & extrusive rocks

A

Intrusive rocks have much larger crystals while extrusive rcks has small crystals

55
Q

The texture of an igneous rock depends on what

A

Size and shape of its mineral crystals

56
Q

What is silica

A

a material formed from oxygen silicon

57
Q

Why are they called sedimentary

A

Because they’re made of sediment

58
Q

What’ts the process sediment follows to become a rock

A

Step 1 : erosion, occurs when runing water or wind loos and carry away the fragments of rock

Step 2: deposition, is the process by wich sediments settles out of the water o wind carrying it

step 3 : compaction, is the process that presses sediments together.

Step 4 : cementation, is the process in wich iddsolved minerals crystalize and glue particles of sediment together

59
Q

What are the different Sedimentary rocks

A

Classic rock a) shale b ) sandstone c ) canglomerat and breccia

Oraganic rocks :a) coal b ) Limestone

Chemical rocks : forms when minerals that are dissolved in a solution crystlazie, limestone can form calcite when it disolves in lakes, seas, or underground

60
Q

What uses do sedimentary rocks have ?

A

They can be used in many differen ways = as a building stone, in the production of lime, glass making, industrial carbon dioxide and cement

61
Q

What are coral reefs

A

they are animals

62
Q

Wich materials can be found in reefs

A
63
Q

How are reefs formed

A

When coral animals die, their skeletons remain, and more corals form

64
Q

What are the three types of coral reefs

A

Fringing reefs, barrier reefs, and atols

65
Q

Wich materials can be found in reefs

A

limestone

66
Q

What are metamorphic rocks

A

Are rocks formbed by the modification of other pre-exisiting rocks inside the earth through a process called metamorphism

67
Q

How do geologis classify metamorphic rocks ?

A

Geologis classify metamorphic rocks by the arrangement or the grains that make up the rocks

68
Q

How do metamorphic rocks form

A

Heat and pressure deep beaneath the earths surface can change any rock into metamorphic rocks, metamorphic rocks can form out of igneus,sedimentary, or other metamorphic rocks

69
Q

Uses of metamorphic rocks

A

Quartzite and marble are the most commonly used metamorphic rocks. They are used for buildings and artworks, used for statues,decorative items aswell

70
Q

What is topography

A

Is the shape of the earths surface

71
Q

Areas in topography can be

A

Hilly,mountanious,flat, or sloping

72
Q

How is the topography of an area determined

A

By the elevation, relief and landforms

73
Q

What is elevation

A

Its the height above sea level

74
Q

What is relief

A

Its the difference in elevattion between the highest and lowest parts of an area

75
Q

What is a landform

A

Is a feature in topography formed by the process that shapes the earths surface

76
Q

What is a landorm region

A

A landform reagion is a large area of land where the topography is similar

77
Q

What are the 3 main types of landforms

A

Plains, mountain, and plateus

78
Q

What is a plain

A

Landform with gently rolling land or low relief

79
Q

What is a mountain

A

Landform with high elevation

80
Q

What is a mountain range

A

Is a group of mountains that are closely related in shape, structure, and age

81
Q

What is a plateu

A

A landform tha has hish elevation and more or less level surface

81
Q

What is a plateu

A

A landform tha has hish elevation and more or less level surface

82
Q

What are the 4 spheres

A

Lithosphere
atmosphere
hydrosphere
biosphere

83
Q

What is the lithosphere

A

earths rocky outer layer

84
Q

What is the atmosphere

A

Earths air

85
Q

What is the hydrosphere

A

earths water

86
Q

What is the biosphere

A

were living things are

87
Q

What is earths structure

A

Inner core : hot and liquid
Outer core : Hot liquid outer core
mantle: surrounds the core, its a thick layer
crust: thin outer layer
lithospere: part of upper mantle

Science (4 decks)

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