1st Monthly Exam Flashcards by Kimberly Ann Miranda

Five sub disciplines of anthropology:

A. Archaeology – examines the remains of ancient
B. Cultural anthropology – promotes the study of a society’s culture
C. Linguistic anthropology – examines the language of a group of people
D. Physical anthropology – looks into the biological development of humans
E. Applied anthropology – attempts to solve contemporary problems

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Culture is everything

It is what a person has, does, and thinks as part of society
material-tangible
nonmaterial-intangible

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Occipital lobe

– allows for visual skills

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characteristics of culture

Culture is everything. 
Culture is learned.
Culture is shared. 
Culture affects biology. 
Culture is adaptive. 
Culture is maladaptive. 
Culture changes.

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. Our thinking capacity

Frontal lobe and motor cortex
Parietal lobe
Temporal lobe
Occipital lobe

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AVERAGE SIZE (weight) OF HUMAN BRAIN

1.4 kg

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Temporal lobe

– allows for hearing skills

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Culture is learned.

Enculturation learning own culture
Acculturation adapting others’ culture
Deculturation-forgetting own culture

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a female who is romantically and sexually attracted to another female

Lesbian –

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This dynamism of culture is due to the changing needs of humans as they interpret and survive in their environment.

Culture changes.

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a male who is romantically and sexually attracted to another male

Gay –

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Culture can also cause problems for the people who subscribe to it. These problems arise when the environment has changed and culture remained the same.

Culture is maladaptive.

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Types of gender based on person’s orientation

Heterosexual 
Homosexual 
Gay
Lesbian 
Bisexual 
Asexual 
Polysexual 
Pansexual

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who accommodates all types of gender

Pansexual –

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sexually attracted to a person of the opposite sex

Heterosexual –

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individuals who is attracted to both sexes

Bisexual –

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individuals who is attracted to multiple types of gender

Polysexual –

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sexually attracted to a person of the same sex

Homosexual –

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Society as a system of usages and procedures of authority and mutual aid of many groupings an divisions, of controls of human behaviour and liberties.

Robert Maclver and Charles Page

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who are incapable of being attracted to any sex

Asexual –

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Society as the complex of organized associations and institutions with a community.

George Douglas Cole

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Frontal lobe and motor cortex

– function for cognition and motor abilities

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Society is a total complex of human relationships in so far as they grow out of the action in terms of means-end relationship.

Talcott Parsons

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Culture is shared

Culture of parent’s society
\+
Culture of interacting society
=
Culture of 
individual

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Society as a social organism possessing a harmony of structure and function

Auguste Comte

Humans are born into cultures that have values on beauty and the body. As such, they alter their bodies to fit into the physiological norms that are dictated by the culture.

Culture affects biology.

Society is an exchange of gestures that involves the use of symbols.

George Herbert Mead

Society a reality in its own right. Collective consciousness is of key importance to society, which society cannot survive without.

Emile Durkheim

Parietal lobe

– allows for touch and taste abilities

Society as a collection of individuals united by certain relations or mode of behavior that marks individuals off from others who do not enter into these relations or who differ from their behavior.

Morris Ginsberg

Both the material and the nonmaterial parts of the culture are influenced by the goal of humans to address their needs as dictated by the environment and their biology.

Culture is adaptive.

This industry was named after Saint Acheul, a patron saint in southwest France. Developed by Homo Erectus

The acheulian industry

Another cultural milestone for the users of this industry was the use of temporary man-made shelters such as tents made of animal skin. Named after the La Madeleine site in Dordogne, France.

The Magdalenian industry

Developed by Homo neanderthalensis (Neanderthals) Named after a site in France called Le Moustier

The Mousterian industry

What made this industry a cultural milestone for the modern humans in Europe is their development of self-awareness; such as cave paintings and fabrication of accessories (figurines, bracelets and beads).

The aurignacian industry

- a stone tool industry, is characterized by the use of “hard water – worn creek cobbles made out of volcanic rock” (O’ Niel, 2012) - This industry spread out to Europe and Asia during the migration of Homo Erectus

The oldowan industry

promotes the study of a society’s culture through their belief systems, practices, and possessions

Cultural anthropology –

looks into the biological development of humans and their contemporary variation.

Physical anthropology –

examines the remains of ancient and historical human populations to promote an understanding of how humans have adapted to their environment and developed.

Archaeology –

attempts to solve contemporary problems through the application of theories and approaches of the discipline.

Applied anthropology –

examines the language of a group of people and its relation to their culture.

Linguistic anthropology –

Seven-class system:

``` 1 Elite 2 Established Middle Class 3 Technical Middle Class 4 New Affluent Workers 5 Traditional Working Class 6 Emergent Service Worker 7 Precariat ```

– enabled humans to hold and pick objects steadily using their fingers.

Precision grip

paleolithic period industries

The oldowan industry The acheulian industry The Mousterian industry The aurignacian industry

Two types of grip:

1. Power grip | 2. Precision grip

Saw the end of the Paleolithic period as it transformed to the Neolithic period.

The Magdalenian industry

– enabled humans to wrap the thumb and fingers on an object

Power grip

The term Aurignacian was derived from_______

Aurignac.

difference of paleolithic and neolithic in tools

p-Small and handy for mobile lifestyle | n-Included a wider array of small and bigger tools due to sedentary lifestyle

difference of paleolithic and neolithic in Personal properties

p-Limited to personal accessories and small tools that could easily be carried around n-Included structures (e.g., houses), decorative ornaments, large containers

difference of paleolithic and neolithic in Art

p-Small and limited to personal ornaments, bigger artworks were done but not within a long time frame p-cave paintings n-Included the creation of artworks that required a longer length of time and a greater number of people n-stonehenge

difference of paleolithic and neolithic in Subsistence

p-Foraging | n-Agriculture

difference of paleolithic and neolithic in leadership

p-Not rigid; based on age and knowledge | n-Semirigid; based on legitimacy (religious beliefs, social status)

difference of paleolithic and neolithic in Social divisions

p-none; communal lifestyle | n-Elite vs. working classes

difference of paleolithic and neolithic in Population size

p-Small (30 – 50 people) | n-Large (in thousands)

repository of archaeological finds that allow people from the contemporary period to reconstruct the culture and environment of their ancestors.

Museums –

New roles of the museum ( acc. to the 2010 Conference of the Museum Association)

1 Fostering community solidarity through shared history | 2 Regeneration and development of the local economy

who proposed demokratia as a political ideology that aimed at dispersing power from the monopoly of the elites to the masses?

an Athenian statesman named Cleisthenes

promotes the perspective that cultures must be understood in the content of their locality.

Cultural relativism –

__________ is the primary transnational entity that manages and negotiates matters relating to human heritage

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)

types of race

(Caucasoid, Australoid, Mongoloid, and Negroid).

perspective that promotes an individual’s culture as the most efficient and superior; hence, the individual who exhibits ethnocentrism feels that his or her culture is the most appropriate as compared with other cultures.

Ethnocentrism –

was used as a form of human classification that was based on observable human traits and characteristics

Race –

The belief and worship of many gods.

POLYTHEISTIC

diff types of religion | Sub-Categories of Theism:

1. Monistic 2. Polytheistic 3. Monotheistic 4. Atheism 5. Agnostic

The Doctrine or Belief in One supreme God.

MONOTHEISTIC

Disbelief or Denial in the existence of a personal God.

ATHEISTIC

The belief or practice of denying the possibility for man to acquire knowledge of God. It is a belief that God is Unknown and Unknowable.

AGNOSTICS

There is no real distinction between God and the Universe.

MONISTIC

. Walking and standing ability Two forms of locomotion

Bipedalism – the capacity to walk and stand over two feet | Quadropedalism – uses all four limbs

is the systematic study of the existence and nature of the divine.

theology