1st line of defence Flashcards
1
Q
1st line of defence
A
- External non-specific
- physical barriers
2
Q
Skin (external non-specific)
A
- an impervious barrier against infection
- sweat + oils contain anti-microbial chemicals
- dead skin cells are constantly sloughed off -> making it hard for invading bacteria to colonise
3
Q
Mucus (produced in mucus membrane)
A
- traps dust + microbes
- mucus contains lysozymes (enzymes that destroy bacterial cell walls)
- flow of mucus washes bacteria + viruses off of mucus membrane
4
Q
Cilia
A
- little hairs in the respiratory tract
- move mucus out of the lungs to keep bacteria and viruses out
5
Q
Ear wax
A
(cerumen)
- inhibits bacterial growth
6
Q
Trachea + bronchi
A
Mucus layer traps microbes
7
Q
Stomach
A
HCl acid kills microbes
8
Q
Eyelids
A
- hydrolytic enzymes (in tears)
- > kill bacteria
9
Q
Mouth
A
-cleaned by saliva
10
Q
Mucus (produced in mucus membrane)
A
- traps dust + microbes
- mucus contains lysozymes (enzymes that destroy bacterial cell walls)
- flow of mucus washes bacteria + viruses off of mucus membrane
11
Q
Cilia
A
- little hairs in the respiratory tract
- move mucus out of the lungs to keep bacteria and viruses out
12
Q
Ear wax
A
(cerumen)
- inhibits bacterial growth
13
Q
Trachea + bronchi
A
Mucus layer traps microbes
14
Q
Stomach
A
HCl acid kills microbes
15
Q
Eyelids
A
- hydrolytic enzymes (in tears)
- > kill bacteria
16
Q
Mouth
A
-cleaned by saliva
17
Q
Urethra (men + women)
A
- urinating
- > flushes out any microbes present
18
Q
Vagina
A
- acidic secretions inhibit bacterial growth
- period
- > kills bacteria + flushes out microbes
19
Q
Non-specific defences
A
Provide general protection against all pathogens
