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Pharmacology 1 > 1st lab test > Flashcards

1st lab test Flashcards

1
Q

Sources of drugs:

A

1: veterinary authorised medicines (non-immunological drugs + immunologicals) 2: human authorised medicines 3. Official (pharmacopoeias) and Prepared medicines 4: Biocides (disinfectants, insecticides, rodenticides) 5: Complementary products (vitamins, minerals, natural herbal etc.)

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2
Q

to be called “Veterinary authorised medicines” the medicine must contain:

A
  • unique name, dose form, package - target animal species + indication - efficacy and safety in target animals - WP!
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3
Q

Veterinary authorised medicines drug cascade:

A

If no vet. authorised drug for that species or indication:

2nd: other indication
2nd: other species
3rd: human authorised medicine
4th: official or prepared medicine

(failure to treat animals according to the cascade is a criminal offence)

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4
Q

Withdrawal periods in case of “Off Label” use:

A

determined by the vet, and can not be shorter than: - Eggs: 7 days - Milk: 7 days - Meat: 28 days - Fish: 500 degree days (depends on the temp of the water. higher temp = faster metabolism): 500dd = Twater x days

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5
Q

122/2013 EC:

A

list of substances essential for the treatment of equidae: 6 months!

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6
Q

37/2010 EC:

A
  • table 1: authorized substances - table 2: prohibited substances
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7
Q

(AVM-GSL):

A

Authorised Veterinary Medicine – General Sales List;

  • can be sold without any restrictions (shop, gas stations, pharmacies, veterinarians etc.)
  • no prescription
  • can be advertised to the general public
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8
Q

(NFA-VPS)

A

Non-Food Animal – Veterinarian, Pharmacist, Suitably Qualified Person (SQP);

  • can be sold in pharmacies (over the counter) by the veterinarian or registered SQP)
  • no prescription
  • can be advertised to the general public
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9
Q

(POM-V):

A

Prescription-only Medicine – Veterinarian

  • can be sold in the pharmacies only (with a valid prescription!!)
  • can be sold by the veterinarian (animal under his/her care)
  • controlled drugs (CD) –> 5 schedules
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10
Q

(POM-VPS):

A

Prescription only medicine - veterinarian, pharmacist, suitably qualified person

  • prescription can also be written by a pharmacist or a SQP operating from premises registered with the VMD
  • mainly for food producing animals, medicines for prevention (antiparasitic, vaccines…)
  • animal does not have to be under the prescriber’s care
  • can be advertised to the general public.
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11
Q

(ESPA):

A

Exemption of Small Pet Animals products

  • for minor species of small animals - can be sold without any restrictions
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12
Q

Homeopathic remedies:

A
  • “like cure like” - very small dose, high dilution, eg: 10^-12, 10^-60
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13
Q

Storage conditions of drugs:

A
  • Room temp: max 25-30 *C - Refrigerated temp: 2-8 *C - Deep frozen: < -15*C - Should not kept frozen: > 2*C
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14
Q

Expiration:

A
  • authorized vet/human medicine: usually 2-5 years
  • prepared medicine: days- months
  • multiple dose injections, eg eye drops: max 28 days after opening!
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15
Q

Definition of Prescription:

A

Written order of a practitioner (physician, vet, dentist) for one or more drugs to be dispensed by a pharmacist to owner/farmer.

  • Latin is retained for certain parts of prescription (e.g Rx, Sig.)
  • It should be written with ink or electronical
  • date
  • 6 month validity (can change btw countries)
  • signature, stamp.
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16
Q

Rules of g/mg/micrograms etc for Prescription:

A

Names of drugs should be written clearly and not abbreviated!

  • 1 g or more -> g
  • less than 1 g –> mg (e.g 500mg)
  • less than 1 mg –> micrograms (e.g 100 micrograms)
  • Micrograms, nanograms, or units should NOT be abbreviated
  • Milliliter - rather than c.c or cm3
17
Q

Main parts of the prescription:

A
  • heading
  • superscription
  • inscription
  • subscription
  • signature
  • veterinarians own signature
  • repeat information
18
Q

Parts of the prescription: - The heading

A
  • name and address of the practitioner (heading 1)

–> optional other information: consulting hours, logo

  • Date
  • name and address of the owner (heading 2)
  • food producing animals: species, name/ID number (heading 2)
19
Q

Parts of the prescription: - The superscription

A

Rx = “recipe” = take

20
Q

Parts of the prescription: - The inscription

A
  • authorised: name, dosage form and the strength of medicine
  • official/prepared: list of the ingredients and their amounts

Ingredients:

  • major ingredient/active substance
  • adjuvant
  • vehicle
21
Q

Parts of the prescription: - the subscription

A

Information for the pharmacist:

  • what to prepare from the ingredients, and how to dispense
  • package size and original package quantity

Official or Prepared:

(eg. Amoxillin tablets BP, ZnO suspension)
- eg: “Send 10 tablets in a suitable package”
- eg: “Prepare a suspension and send 100 ml in a suitable package”.

Authorised:

  • eg Synulox 50 mg tablets
  • eg: “send 1 original package, 10 tablets”
  • eg: “send 2 original packages 10 tablets each”
22
Q

Parts of the prescription: - The signature

A

“S” or “Sig”.

Information for owner about the application of the drug

  • eg: “Give 2 tablets to dog daily for 10 days”
  • This animal is under my care (these animals are..)
  • For animal treatment only
  • This prescription is written under the drug cascade
  • Withdrawal period: edible tissues… days, milk… days, eggs… days (fish:…. degree days)

Other:

  • For external/topical use only
  • shake well before use
  • keep out of reach of children
23
Q

Parts of the prescription: - veterinarians own signature and repeat information

A

the signature and qualification of the veterinarian make the prescription VALID!

  • at the bottom of the prescription; “No repeat”, “1 repeat”, “2 repeat” etc.
  • using the word “repeat” without the number of repeats allows only two supplies.
24
Q

Record keeping: - Handbook/computer database

A
  1. all veterinary treatments
  2. every product intended for use in food-producing animals, where WP must be observed.
  3. Controlled drugs

Not necessary: homeopathic medicine (at least 1:1000000)

25
Q

Record keeping: - Records

A
  • date
  • precise identity of the medicinal product (including batch. No)
  • dosage administered, duration of treatment
  • name and address of farmer

–> name and address of veterinarian

–> WP!

26
Q

Record keeping: - When should the records be made?

A

Within 48 hr of the transaction and kept for a period of at least 5 years.

27
Q

Classification of Controlled Drugs:

A

1-5 schedules: high potential for abuse and the potential of create severe psychological and/or physical dependence

  • Schedule 1: Cannabis, amphetamines, hallucinogenic drugs (LSD)
  • Schedule 2: morphine, etrophine, fentanyl, pethidine, methadone, ketamine
  • Schedule 3: Buprenorphine, pentobarbital, phenobarbital
  • Schedule 4: benzodiazepines eg diazepam
  • Schedule 5: certain preparations of morphine, cocaine and codeine that contain less than a specified amount of the drug.
28
Q

Controlled Drugs - written requisition:

  • Required for S2 and S3 CD´s
A

Must be included:

  • the name, qualification and address of practitioner
  • the date
  • the purpose for which the drug is required
  • the quality and quantity of the product
  • veterinarians own signature and qualification
  • If the drug is not collected personally, an additional authorization must be included
  • in emergency situation, controlled drugs may be supplied to a practitioner without a requisition

–> if the vet assumes an obligation to send a signed requisistion within the following 24 hr.

29
Q

Controlled Drugs - Recording:

  • The register must:
A
  • be either a computerised system or a bound book
  • be separated into each class of drug
  • have a separate page for each strength and form of that drug, with this recorded at the top of each page.
  • have the entries in chronical order
  • have the entries made in ink or computerised form which every entry can be audited.
  • not have cancellations or alterations
  • corrections: made by a signed and dated entry in the margin or at the bottom of the page
  • be available for inspection at any time
  • be kept for a minimum of 2 years.
  • Running balance is recommended!
30
Q

Controlled drugs - safe custody

  • Schedule 2 + Buprenorphine (Sch 3):
A
  • must be kept in a suitable locked receptacle
  • transport: locked car + additional locked unit
  • locked receptacle can only be opened by a veterinarian/authorized person
  • one key to the receptacle to be kept at the auth.p
  • only the minimum quantity of Cd-s should be stored
31
Q

Special prescription requirements of controlled drugs:

A
  • all details except signature can be computer-generated
  • prescription for Sch 2, 3 and 4 CDs are only valid for 28 days
  • prescriptions for Sch 5 CD´s are valid for 6 months
  • Schedule 2 and 3 CD´s cannot be prescribed on repeat dispensing prescriptions
32
Q

Latin abbreviations on the prescription

A
33
Q

Essential characteristics of the CD´s

A

Pharmacology 1 (12 decks)

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