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[MT 6322] Mycology & Virology Lecture > [1S] UNIT 1.1 Introduction to Mycology > Flashcards

[1S] UNIT 1.1 Introduction to Mycology Flashcards

1
Q

A discipline of Biology that deals with, describes a enormous group of organisms denominated FUNGI

A

Mycology

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2
Q

highlights the productive or beneficial effects and applications of this field of science particularly in the area of agriculture, biotechnology and environmental biology

A

Good Mycology

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3
Q

“Dark side” of Mycology; Fungi are implicated as a cause of multiple phenomena that have deleterious effect on environment and health

A

Bad Mycology

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4
Q

• Transformation and recycling of dead material
• Recycling of carbon and other minerals
• Provide nutrients to the plants

A

Good Mycology

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5
Q

• Important Biotechnological tool e.g. yeast
• Source of secondary metabolites for production of antibiotics and immunosuppressive drugs (Ex. Cyclosporin A

A

Good Mycology

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6
Q

• There are significant phytopathogens
• Cause life threatening disease in patients with risk factors

A

Bad Mycology

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7
Q

• There are significant phytopathogens
• Cause life threatening disease in patients with risk factors

A

Bad Mycology

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8
Q

BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH

main eukaryotic models in genetics, molecular biology, cell biology, biochemistry and metabolism.

A

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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9
Q

BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH

key organism in understanding the mechanism of regulation of the cell cycle

A

Schizosaccharomyces pombe

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10
Q

NON MOTILE, EUKARYOTIC ORGANISMS, can be single celled or usually are the very complex multicellular organisms

A

Fungi

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11
Q

A diverse group made up of the classic pathogens, environmental saprobes and parasitic spore-producing eukaryotic organisms that lack chlorophyll. (i.e. Achlorophyllous)

A

Fungi

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12
Q

• Reside in nature , found in any habitat – on the land, in soil or on plant material rather than in sea or fresh water
• Are obligate or facultative aerobes

A

Fungi

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13
Q

Are chemotrophic secretes enzymes that degrade a wide range of organic substrates into soluble nutrients which are then transported into the cell through passive absorption or active transport

A

Fungi

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14
Q

may live as heterotrophs, saprotrophs, and parasitic organisms

A

Fungi

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15
Q

are subdivided on the basis of their life cycles, the presence or structure of their fruiting body and the arrangement of and type of spores (reproductive or distributional cells) they produce.

A

Fungi

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16
Q

T/F: Historically, fungus are compared to plants and have also been compared with bacteria

A

T

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17
Q

SIMILARITIES BETWEEN PLANTS & FUNGI

T/F: Both are PROKARYOTIC organisms

A

F; EUKARYOTIC

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18
Q

SIMILARITIES BETWEEN PLANTS & FUNGI

T/F:
• Numerous organelles
• Possess cell walls

A

T

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19
Q

SIMILARITIES BETWEEN PLANTS & FUNGI

T/F:
• Mostly are anchored on soil or other substrates
• Reproduction can be asexual or sexual or both
• Stationary

A

T

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20
Q

FUNGI VS PLANTS

Multinucleated
Heterotroph
No reproduction by seed

A

Fungi

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21
Q

FUNGI VS PLANTS

Glycogen is the main storage product
Have chitin in their cell wall

A

Fungi

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22
Q

FUNGI VS PLANTS

No stem, roots and leaves
Lacks chlorophyll

A

Fungi

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23
Q

FUNGI VS PLANTS

No stem, roots and leaves
Lacks chlorophyll

A

Fungi

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24
Q

TYPICAL SIZE

0.4 μm -2 μm in diameter
0.5 μm -5 μm in length

A

Prokaryotes

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25
Q

TYPICAL SIZE

10 μm -100 μm in diameter
>10 μm in length

A

Eukaryotes

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26
Q

REPRODUCTION

Asexual (binary fission)

A

Prokaryotes

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26
Q

NUCLEUS

No nuclear membrane, nucleoid region of the cytosol

A

Prokaryotes

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27
Q

GENOME

Circular DNA complexed with RNA at mesosome within nucleoid
Plasmid- each carries genes for its own replication; can confer resistance to antibiotics

A

Prokaryotes

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28
Q

MEMBRANE-BOUND ORGANELLES & CHLOROPLAST FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Absent in all

A

Prokaryotes

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28
Q

RIBOSOME

Present in all

A

Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes

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29
Q

PLASMA MEMBRANE

Lacks carbohydrates

A

Prokaryotes

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30
Q

STEROLS IN CYTOPLASMIC MEMBRANE

Absent except in Mycoplasmataceae

A

Prokaryotes

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30
Q

ELECTRON TRANSPORT FOR ENERGY

In the cell membrane

A

Prokaryotes

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31
Q

REPRODUCTION

Sexual and asexual

A

Eukaryotes

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31
Q

GENOME

Linear DNA complexed with basic histones and proteins in the nucleus
In mitochondria and chloroplasts

A

Eukaryotes

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31
Q

NUCLEUS

Classic membrane bound nucleus

A

Eukaryotes

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32
Q

MEMBRANE-BOUND ORGANELLES

Present (e.g. mitochondria, lysosome, ER. Golgi complex, nucleus)

A

Eukaryotes

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33
Q

RIBOSOME

Present in all

A

Eukaryotes

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34
Q

CHLOROPLAST FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Present in algae and plants

A

Eukaryotes

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35
Q

ELECTRON TRANSPORT FOR ENERGY

In the inner membrane of mitochondria and chloroplasts

A

Eukaryotes

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36
Q

STEROLS IN CYTOPLASMIC MEMBRANE

Present

A

Eukaryotes

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37
Q

PLASMA MEMBRANE

Also contains glycolipids and glycoproteins

A

Eukaryotes

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38
Q

CELL WALL, IF PRESENT

Cellulose, phenolic polymers, lignin (plants), chitin (fungi), other glycans (algae)

A

Eukaryotes

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39
Q

GLYCOCALYX

Present; some animal cell

A

Eukaryotes

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40
Q

CILIA = Present
PILI & FIMBRIAE = Absent

A

Eukaryotes

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41
Q

FLAGELLA IF PRESENT

Complex cilia or flagella; composed of MTs and polymers of tubulin with dynein connecting MTs; movement by coordinated sliding microtubules

A

Eukaryotes

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42
Q

GLYCOCALYX

Present in most as an organized capsule or unorganized slime layer

A

Prokaryotes

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43
Q

CELL WALL, IF PRESENT

Peptidoglycan in most bacteria

A

Prokaryotes

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44
Q

FLAGELLA IF PRESENT

Simple flagella; composed of polymers of flagellin; movement by rotary action at the base; spirochetes have MTs

A

Prokaryotes

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44
Q
  • single vegetative cell
  • In culture, shows smooth creamy, bacteria like colony without aerial hypha
A

Yeast

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44
Q

CILIA = Absent
PILI & FIMBRIAE = Present

A

Prokaryotes

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45
Q

FUNGAL STRUCTURE

  • exhibits plasticity
  • has turgor pressure
  • confers shape to the hypha
A

Definite, rigid cell wall

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46
Q

FUNGAL STRUCTURE

  • protects the protoplast against environmental hazards, osmotic stress
  • Acting as a carrier of specific antigen characteristics of the particular cell and playing an important role in cell recognition in various cell interactions.
A

Cell Wall

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46
Q
  • Reproduce by budding or fission
  • Can be identified using Biochemical test and Molecular Diagnostic methods
A

Yeast

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47
Q
  • grows in multicellular filaments called hyphae.
  • are made up of tubular branches having multiple, genetically identical nuclei, yet form a single organism, known as a colony.
A

Molds

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48
Q

FUNGAL STRUCTURE

Acting as the site of various extracellular enzymes engaged in the exchange of nutrients and products of metabolism and hydrolysis of cell wall components.

A

Cell Wall

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48
Q

FUNGAL STRUCTURE

  • acts as a filter controlling to some extent materials that enter the fungal protoplast
  • Acting as a reservoir of carbohydrates
A

Cell Wall

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49
Q

Skeletal Components of CW

A
  • Chitin
  • ß Glucan
  • Mannan
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50
Q

FUNGAL STRUCTURE

consists of water-soluble polysaccharide e.g. α glucan and glycoprotein

A

Cell Wall Matrix

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51
Q

FUNGAL STRUCTURE

production of this pigment contributes to fungal virulence ; improves resistance to environmental damage such as extreme temperature, UV light and toxins ; and is important for invasion and dissemination.

A

Miscellaneous Cell Wall Components : Melanin

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52
Q

FUNGAL STRUCTURE

nucleus, mitochondrion, E.R. Golgi bodies, microbodies

A

Membrane-bound organelles

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53
Q

FUNGAL STRUCTURE

are plaque-like structures embedded in the nuclear envelope for the entire cell cycle in budding yeast and most of the cell cycle in fission yeast. It plays the role of the centrosome by initiating organization of microtubule, particularly during mitosis.

A

Spindle Polar Bodies (SPBs)

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54
Q

FUNGAL STRUCTURE

vesicles associated with filamentous material, found numerous at the tip of actively growing hypha

A

Filasomes

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55
Q

A non-motile thallus constructed of apically elongating walled filaments. A web of filaments or hypha constitutes a _______

A

MYCELIUM
MOLDS

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56
Q

FUNGAL STRUCTURE - MOLD

filamentous tubular structures that grow by elongation (like thread) at the tip ; or by branching that contain numerous nuclei distributed throughout.

A

Hypha

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57
Q

FUNGAL STRUCTURE - MOLD

refer to the entire , vegetative body of the hypha

A

Thallus

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58
Q

FUNGAL STRUCTURE - MOLD

partitions or crosswall in hyphal structure

A

Septum

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59
Q

FUNGAL STRUCTURE - MOLD

where hyphal structures are interrupted at some points (at regular interval) by partitions or cross walls

A

Septate

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60
Q

FUNGAL STRUCTURE - MOLD

when portions of hyphae grow vigorously resulting in lack of regularly spaced septa.

A

Non septate or Aseptate or coenocytic

61
Q

ELEMENTS WITHIN THE HYPHA

an organizing center necessary for long range transport of vesicles, via cytoskeleton. Described as nuggets of vesicles in the hyphal tip that is important in the growth process

A

Spitzenkorper

62
Q

ELEMENTS WITHIN THE HYPHA

In filamentous fungi, these are important in the regulation of fungal cell morphogenesis ; for the delivery of cell membrane and cell wall components to the growing hyphal tip and to the septum.

A

Fungal cytoskeleton

63
Q

HYPHAL ELEMENTS

portion of the aerial hypha that bears the reproductive spores or conidia

A

REPRODUCTIVE HYPHA

64
Q

HYPHAL ELEMENTS

hypha that projects above the medium and produce reproductive spores

A

AERIAL HYPHA

65
Q

TYPES OF HYPHAL ELEMENTS

Acdg. To the presence of Pigmentation

A
  • Hyaline (Moniliaceous )
  • Phaeoid (Dematiaceous)
65
Q

HYPHAL ELEMENTS

portions of the hypha the penetrates the supporting medium and absorbs nutrient

A

VEGETATIVE HYPHA

66
Q

TYPES OF HYPHAL ELEMENTS

Acdg. to the presence or absence of crosswall

A
  • Septate
  • Non Septate
67
Q

TYPES OF HYPHAL ELEMENTS

non pigmented or lightly pigmented

A

Hyaline (Moniliaceous)

68
Q

TYPES OF HYPHAL ELEMENTS

darkly pigmented because of the presence of melanin in the cell wall

A

Phaeoid (Dematiaceous)

69
Q

HABITAT: YEAST VS MOLD

Can be found on fruit and berries, in the stomach of mammals and on skin, among other places. Very common

A

Yeast

70
Q

HABITAT: YEAST VS MOLD

Typically found in damp, dark or steam-filled areas.

A

Mold

71
Q

CELL: YEAST VS MOLD

Unicellular

A

Yeast

72
Q

SHAPE: YEAST VS MOLD

Round or oval in shape

A

Yeast

73
Q

CELL: YEAST VS MOLD

Multicellular

A

Mold

74
Q

SHAPE: YEAST VS MOLD

Filamentous fungi, Threadlike

A

Molds

74
Q

GROWTH APPEARANCE: YEAST VS MOLD

Fuzzy appearance and can be an orange, green, black, brown.

A

Mold

75
Q

GROWTH APPEARANCE: YEAST VS MOLD

White and butterlike CONSISTENCY

A

Yeast

76
Q

HYPHAE: YEAST VS CELL

Do not have true hyphae. Instead they form structures called pseudo-hyphae.

A

Yeast

76
Q

REPRODUCTION: YEAST VS CELL

Sexually and asexually reproduce into multicellular form.
Sporangiospores and Conidia Zygospores, Ascospores, and Basidiospores

A

Mold

77
Q

HYPHAE: YEAST VS CELL

have microscopic filaments called hyphae.

A

Mold

78
Q

REPRODUCTION: YEAST VS CELL

They reproduce mostly asexually (budding).
* Asexual = Blastospores
* Sexual = None

A

Yeast

79
Q

BENEFICIAL USE: YEAST VS CELL

Making of alcoholic beverages which contain ethanol, used in baking, bioremediation, industrial ethanol production, probiotics, and food addictive or flavors.

A

Yeast

80
Q

BENEFICIAL USE: YEAST VS CELL

Useful in biodegradation, food production (cheese)

A

Mold

81
Q

HEALTH HAZARD: YEAST VS CELL

Can cause infection in individuals with compromised immune systems.

A

Yeast

82
Q

HEALTH HAZARD: YEAST VS MOLD

Can cause allergic reactions and respiratory problems.

A

Mold

83
Q

Fungi reproduces?

A

sexually and / or asexually

83
Q
  • having only one growth phase, only exist in yeast form
  • Example : yeast and yeast-like organism
A

MONOMORPHISM

83
Q
  • ability of fungi to exist in two forms(e.g. yeast or mold) depending on the growth condition
  • Example : Systemic fungi (e.g. Blastomyces, Coccidioides)
A

DIMORPHISM

84
Q
  • have both yeast and mold form in the same culture.
  • Example : Exophiala spp.
A

POLYMORPHISM

85
Q

Life cycle (ontogeny) of fungi consists of

A

A. Somatic Phase – feeding stage
B. Reproductive phase

86
Q

Fungi that reproduce sexually and / or asexually are termed as

A

PERFECT FUNGI

87
Q

Fungi that reproduce by asexual means are termed as

A

FUNGI IMPERFECTI

88
Q

In both sexual and asexual reproduction, ______ produce spores that disperse from the parent organism

A

fungi

89
Q

involves the body of a fungal thallus. No production of seeds or spores by meiosis or syngamy.

A

vegetative reproduction

90
Q

Types of asexual reproduction

A
  1. Fragmentation
  2. Fission
  3. Budding
  4. Spore formation
91
Q

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

occurs when a fungal mycelium separates into pieces with each component growing into a separate mycelium.

A

Fragmentation

91
Q

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

the pinching off of an offspring, from the parent cell. The offspring cell is genetically identical to the parent

A

Budding

92
Q

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

simple splitting of a cell into two daughter cells

A

Fission

93
Q

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

  • they are readily dispersed and are capable of germination when growth conditions are favorable
    more resistant to adverse condition
  • Can be derived from both asexual and sexual reproduction
A

Spore

93
Q

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

  • a reproductive structure of fungi and some other organisms, containing one or
    more cells.
  • small unit of propagule capable of giving rise to a new individual.
A

Spore

94
Q

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

  • produced after mitosis without involvement of meiosis
  • Genetically identical
A

Asexual Spores

95
Q

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

The simplest mechanism of spore formation involves the differentiation of preformed ________. Spores generated are termed as ___________.

A

mycelium
thallospores

96
Q

MAJOR TYPES OF ASEXUAL SPORES

Asexual spores usually produced at the tip or side of hyphae or on stalk or
special spore-producing structures called ___________.

A

Conidia; conidiophores

97
Q

MAJOR TYPES OF ASEXUAL SPORES

___________ are spores that are produced in an enclosed, sac-like structure, called a ______, at the end of the sporangiophores.

A

Sporangiospores; sporangium

98
Q

MAJOR TYPES OF ASEXUAL SPORES

The process of conidium formation is called

A

conidiogenesis

99
Q

METHODS OF CONIDIOGENESIS

  • differentiate via expansion from the conidiogenous cell.
  • the cell wall of this cell is locally weakened and the developing conidium bulges out and is delineated by a septum.
A

Blastic Conidia

100
Q

METHODS OF CONIDIOGENESIS

expansion of a cell includes the complete cell wall (inner and outer wall) of the conidiogenous cell.

A

Holoblastic

101
Q

METHODS OF CONIDIOGENESIS

the cell wall of the conidiogenous cell is disrupted and the conidium appears through an opening in the cell wall

A

Enteroblastic

102
Q

METHODS OF CONIDIOGENESIS

a preexisting cell differentiates into a conidium.

A

Thallic

103
Q

METHODS OF CONIDIOGENESIS

involves the entire cell wall (inner and outer wall) of the hypha.

A

Holothallic

104
Q

METHODS OF CONIDIOGENESIS

conidia produced in succession along the entire length of the hypha

A

Thallic–arthric

105
Q

TERMINOLOGIES

asexual spore produced blastically either singly or synchronously in chain from the parent cell

A

Blastoconidium

105
Q

TERMINOLOGIES

conidium produced from an annelide

A

Annelloconidium

106
Q

TERMINOLOGIES

asexual conidium produced directly from the hyphae and released from this structure through fragmentation

A

Arthroconidia

106
Q

TERMINOLOGIES

non motile sporangiospores

A

Aplanospores

107
Q

TERMINOLOGIES

sexual spore formed on a basidium following karyogamy and meiosis

A

Basidiospore

107
Q

TERMINOLOGIES

swollen thick walled vesicles that do not reproduce

A

Chlamydospores

108
Q

TERMINOLOGIES

asexual spore produced directly from the hyphae, have thickened walls and is larger than the surrounding hyphal cells

A

Chlamydoconidium

109
Q

TERMINOLOGIES

mycelia from which the reproductive structures form

A

Fertile hyphae

109
Q

TERMINOLOGIES

spore formed within a spherule by cleavage of the cytoplasm

A

Endospore

110
Q

TERMINOLOGIES

Holoblastic conidium produced through pores in the cell wall of the conidiogenous cell or conidiophore

A

Poroconidium

110
Q

TERMINOLOGIES

conidium borne from a phialide

A

Phialoconidia

110
Q

TERMINOLOGIES

the larger of the two types of conidia produced through holothallic mode of conidiogenesis

A

Macroconidium

111
Q

TERMINOLOGIES

primary asexual reproductive structures formed in a sac called sporangium

A

Sporongiospore

112
Q

TERMINOLOGIES

Round thick walled spore formed in a zygosporangium by fusion of the tips of two compatible hypha.

A

Zygospore

113
Q

3 stages of sexual reproduction of fungi

A
  1. Plasmogamy
  2. Karyogamy
  3. Meosis
114
Q

THREE STAGES OF SEXUAL REPRODUCTION OF FUNGI

newly-produced diploid cell can undergo meiosis to regenerate haploid cells, and this often is as a response to nutrient limitation

A

Meiosis

114
Q

BASIS OF TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION

T/F: Species may be recognized and defined on the basis of its asexual state (Telemorph) ; but, its sexual identity (Anamorph), may have a different name.

A

F; asexual = anamorph, sexual = telemorph

114
Q

THREE STAGES OF SEXUAL REPRODUCTION OF FUNGI

union or fusion of haploid cells of compatible mating types

A

Plasmogamy

114
Q

THREE STAGES OF SEXUAL REPRODUCTION OF FUNGI

fusion of the two haploid nuclei

A

Karyogamy

114
Q

BASIS OF TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION

T/F: Taxonomic classification depends on pigmentation, growth temperatures, the pattern of conidiogeny and / or sporogeny, appearance of microscopic structures

A

T

114
Q

BASIS OF TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION

T/F: It is based on the mechanism and spores that result from sexual reproduction

A

T

114
Q

TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGI

Glomeromycota asexual & sexual reproduction

A

Asexual Reproduction: Sporangiospores and sporangiosphores
Sexual Reproduction: Zygospores

115
Q

TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGI

Profuse to gray to white, aerial mycelia; hyaline sparsely septate hypha

A

Order Mucorales

115
Q

TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGI EXAMPLES

Mucoromycotina Genera: Actinomucor, Apophysomyces, Cokemyces, Cunninghamella, Lichtheimia, Mucor, Rhizomucor, Rhizopus, Saksenaea, Syncephalastrum

A

Glomeromycota

116
Q

TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGI

Subphyla : Mucoromycotina, Entomophthoromycotina, Kickxellomycotina, Zoopagomycotina

A

Glomeromycota

117
Q

TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGI

Class Ascomycetes

A

Ascomycota

118
Q

TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGI EXAMPLES

Microsporum spp. Trichphyton spp. Scedosprium boydii

A

Ascomycota

119
Q

TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGI

  • Molds have septate hyphae
  • Sexual reproduction involves a sac or ascus in which karyogamy and meiosis occur producing ascospores
  • Asexual Reproduction : conidia
A

Ascomycota

120
Q

TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGI

Sterile mold

A

Basidiomycota

121
Q

TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGI

Sexual reproduction results in four progeny basidiospores supported by club shaped basidium

A

Basidiomycota

122
Q

TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGI

Filobasidiella neoformans (telemorph) (anamorph- Cryptococcus neoformans)
Mushroom

A

Basidiomycota

122
Q

TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGI

Hypha have complex septa. Clamp connections occur at the septation in the vegetative hypha.

A

Basidiomycota

123
Q

TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGI

Artificial grouping of the imperfect fungi for which the teleomorph or sexual reproduction has not been discovered.

A

Fungi Imperfecta (Deuteromycetes)

124
Q

TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGI

Anamorphic state is characterized by asexual conidia

A

Fungi Imperfecta (Deuteromycetes)

125
Q

TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGI

Coccidiodes immitis
Paracoccidiodes brasiliensis
Candida albican

A

Fungi Imperfecta (Deuteromycetes)

126
Q

FUNGI CAN BE:

whole fungus, composed of the sexual and asexual phase

A

HOLOMORPH

127
Q

SEXUAL SPORES

Fruiting body + capable of reproducing spores

A

ASCOCARP

127
Q

FUNGI CAN BE:

*These are FUNGI that do not possess a SEXUAL STATE
* Examples: Candida; Torulopsis, Epidermophyton

A

FUNGI IMPERFECTI (Deuteromycota)

127
Q

SEXUAL SPORES

spores enclosed in an ASCUS following karyogamy

A

ASCOSPORES

128
Q

SEXUAL SPORES

The sexual life cycle of __________ can be either heterothallic (self-incompatible) or homothallic (self-compatible).

A

ascomycetes

129
Q

SEXUAL SPORES

exist in two mating types, and mating occurs only between sexual structures of opposite mating type.

A

Heterothallic fungi

129
Q

SEXUAL SPORES

every strain is able to complete the sexual cycle without a mating partner.

A

homothallic fungus

129
Q

MAJOR TYPES OF THE MULTICELLULAR ASCOMATA

  • Rounded, closed
  • Asoegillus nidulans
  • Plectomycetes
A

Cleistothecium

130
Q

SEXUAL SPORES

is typically controlled by genes that reside in the mating-type locus.

A

Sexual reproduction

131
Q

MAJOR TYPES OF THE MULTICELLULAR ASCOMATA

  • Flash-shaped
  • Neurospora crassa
  • Pyrenomycetes
A

Perithecium

131
Q

MAJOR TYPES OF THE MULTICELLULAR ASCOMATA

  • Cup shaped
  • Discomycetes
A

Apothecium

132
Q

MAJOR TYPES OF THE MULTICELLULAR ASCOMATA

  • Flask but fatter
  • Cochliobolus heterostrophus
  • Loculoascomycetes
A

Pseudothecium

132
Q

SEXUAL SPORES

spores are formed inside a basidium (club shaped reproductive structure)

A

BASIDIOSPORES

132
Q

SEXUAL SPORES

thick walled spores formed by fusion of 2 hyphal strands (homothallic)

A

ZYGOSPORES

132
Q

SEXUAL SPORES

fusion of cells from 2 separate non- identical hypha

A

OOSPORES

[MT 6322] Mycology & Virology Lecture (2 decks)

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