[1S] UNIT 1 Introduction to Pathology Flashcards
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Etymology: Latin pathologia - “pathos” meaning “disease” and “logos” meaning “a treatise” - a treatise of disease
Pathology / Pathobiology
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Greek pathologikos (παθολογία): pathos - “suffering” (from PIE root *kwent(h) - “to suffer”) + -logia “study”
Pathology / Pathobiology
DEFINITION OF TERMS
It is a form of science and a branch of medicine that involves testing samples and diagnosing physical health problems from their evidence
Pathology / Pathobiology
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Study of the nature, causes, processes, development, consequences of disease and the modifications in cellular function and changes in cellular structure produced in any cell, organ, or part of the body by disease i.e. disease originates at the cellular level (Virchow)
Pathology / Pathobiology
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Arises from alterations in molecules (genes, proteins, etc.) that influences the survival and behavior of cells
Cellular disturbance
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Understanding the cellular and molecular
abnormalities that give rise to disease
Foundation of Modern Pathology
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Pathogenesis in Greek
πάθος pathos (“suffering”, “disease”) and γένεσις genesis (“creation”)
DEFINITION OF TERMS
The development of a disease and the chain of events leading to that disease
Pathogenesis
DEFINITION OF TERMS
The biological mechanism (or mechanisms) that leads to a diseased state
Pathogenesis
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Pathology describes the abnormal condition, whereas pathophysiology seeks to explain the physiological processes because of which such condition develops and progresses
Pathophysiology
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Define the functional changes associated resulting from disease or injury
Pathophysiology
DEFINITION OF TERMS
● Malfunctioning of diseased cells
● Defines functional changes of tissues due to disease/injury
Pathophysiology
DEFINITION OF TERMS
A physician who studies all aspects of disease with an emphasis on the nature, causes, and development of abnormal conditions, as well as the structural and functional changes that result from disease processes
Pathologist
DEFINITION OF TERMS
A physician specialized in the interpretation and diagnosis of the gross, microscopic, and molecular cause by disease in the body
Pathologist
DEFINITION OF TERMS
The laboratory specialist behind the front-line clinical team
Pathologist
DEFINITION OF TERMS
The head of clinical laboratories supervising its different sections but if you are also certified as an anatomic pathologist, you can perform analyses of tissues and cells, and perform post-mortem examinations
Clinical Pathologist
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Laboratory professional who performs diagnostic analysis on human blood, urine, and body fluids such as cerebral spinal fluid, peritoneal, pericardial, and synovial, as well as other specimens such as stool, sputum, etc.
Medical Technologist
DEFINITION OF TERMS
A medical technologist who works under the histopathology section is called a _________
Histotechnician
DEFINITION OF TERMS
RMTs specialized in histopathologic techniques HT(ASCP)
Histotechnologist
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Specialized personnel who belong in the histopathology laboratory
Histotechnologist
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Doesn’t rotate to other sections of the laboratory
Histotechnologist
DEFINITION OF TERMS
○ Influence of magic or supernatural
○ Derived from Greek, Onesimus, a revered orthodox saint who was believed to bring good luck from God
Anisim
DEFINITION OF TERMS
○ Deficiency or excess body fluids
■ An excess in body fluids causes edema
○ Hippocrates: ‘Father of Medicine’
Humors
DEFINITION OF TERMS
○ Study of cells (19th century)
○ Rudolf Virchow: ‘Father of Pathology’
Cellular Pathology
DEFINITION OF TERMS
○ Postmortems & gross pathology (300 BC)
○ Van Leeuwenhoek: Microscope (17th century)
Morbid Anatomy
DEFINITION OF TERMS
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Examination of cells or tissues from a living organism and studied in order to diagnose disease or to confirm findings of normality. Tumors are routinely biopsied in order to determine whether they are benign or malignant.
Biopsy
is a 1632 oil painting on canvas. Rembrandt van Rijn. Mauritshuis museum in The Hague, the Netherlands.
The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Partial removal of a small portion of tissues in the form of wedges, cylindrical pieces, cores, punch, or scrapings of the
suspected tissue or organ.
Incision Biopsy
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Also called a wide local incision, involves surgical removal of a tumor and some normal tissue around it.
Excision Biopsy
DEFINITION OF TERMS
The intention is to sample only a
representation portion of the lesion of interest.
Incision Biopsy
DEFINITION OF TERMS
The amount of normal tissue taken (also called the surgical margin) depends on the
size, histologic type and thickness of the tumor.
Excision Biopsy
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Greek αὐτοψία autopsia, “to see for oneself”, derived from αὐτός (autos, “oneself”) and ὄψις (opsis, “sight, view”), a
seeing for oneself : auto-, auto- + opsis, sight
Autopsy
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Other terms for Autopsy
Post-Mortem Examination / Obduction / Necropsy / Autopsia Cadaverum
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Surgical procedure that consists of a thorough examination of a corpse by dissection to determine the cause, mode, and manner of death or to evaluate any disease or injury that may be present for research or educational purposes
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Uses many methodical procedures to determine the etiology and pathogenesis of diseases, for epidemiologic purposes, for establishment of genetic causes, for family counsel, and for improvement of safety standards for the living.
Autopsy
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Systematic examination of a cadaver for study or for determining the cause of death
Autopsy
DEPARTMENT OF ANATOMIC PATHOLOGY PERSONNEL
How many
- Consultant Pathologists
- Resident Pathologists
- Chief MT
- Histotechnology Staff
- Clerk
- Lab Aide
- Mortician
- Rotating MTIs
Consultant Pathologists (20)
Resident Pathologists (11)
Chief Medical Technologist (1)
Histotechnology staff (5)
Clerk / Secretary (3)
Laboratory Aide (1)
Mortician (1)
Rotating Medical Technology Interns (6)*
Total number of rotating Medical Technology Interns (6)
Surgical Pathology (1)
Cytology and RFS (1)
Immunohistochemistry (1)
Special staining procedures (1)
Autopsy (1)
Filing of blocks and slides (1)
- Gross specimen examination and cutting area
- Tissue and slide processing, Microtomy / Staining area
- Reception / Clerical area
Department of Anatomic Pathology
- Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) room
- Frozen section and Cytopathology room
- Fluorescence microscopy room (for renal and skin biopsies)
Department of Anatomic Pathology
- Proper receiving of specimens
- Assisting in the gross cutting of specimens
- Assist loading of the tissue processor
- Microtomy: Block orientation, Rough cutting, soaking, and chilling, Ribboning, Floatation, Oven-drying
- Staining
- Coverslipping or slide mounting
- Labelling
- Reagent and Solution preparation
- Filing of slides and blocks
Role of MTIs
- Immunohistochemistry
- Tissue banking storage facility
- Slide archival, chemical and storage rooms
Department of Anatomic Pathology
- Consultant / Residents / Histotechnologists working areas
- Office of the Chairman and Chief Medical Technologist
- Post-mortem examination (Autopsy) / Morgue
Department of Anatomic Pathology
TRAINING PROGRAM FOR MTI SECTION OF HISTOPATH
How to properly receive a specimen?
- Identification
- Labeling
- Logging / Recording
- Fixation
T/F: There are 2 histopathologic techniques in the MT profession.
F; 12
T/F: Labels are added after dehydration.
F; Labels are added twice, a tentative label is added before Accessioning and the permanent label is added after Mounting.
T/F: Incision biopsy is the complete removal of a suspected portion.
F
T/F: Excision biopsy is the complete removal of a suspected portion
T
