✅1Q W3 | Lesson #1: Earth's Internal Structure and Composition

Question 1

The Earth is nearly () miles in diameter (almost () km)

Answer 1

8000 Miles
13,000 Km

Question 2

These layers of the Earth are the (_)

Answer 2

crust, the mantle, and the core

Question 3

Compositional Layers in Order

Answer 3

Continental and Oceanic Crust - 100 km
Mantle - 100 km - 2900 km
Core - 2900 km - 6371 km

Question 4

Mechanical Layers in Order

Answer 4

Continental and Oceanic Crust - 0 km - 100 km
Lithosphere - 100 km - 350 km
Mesosphere - 350 km - 2900 km
Outer Core - 2900 km - 5100 km
Inner Core - 5100 km - 6731 km

Question 5

Total Diameter in Earth:

Answer 5

12,742 km (7,917.5 miles)

Question 6

It is the least dense layer and the outermost layer of the Earth’s surface. It is made up of solid rocks and minerals and is divided into several large tectonic plates. These plates are constantly moving and interacting with each other, which can result in earthquakes, volcanic activity, and the formation of mountains.

Answer 6

The Crust

Question 7

The Earth’s crust is also where most of the Earth’s landforms, such as (_), are found.

Answer 7

• continents and ocean basins
  “It plays a crucial role in supporting life on Earth by providing a stable surface for habitats and resources for plants and animals. of the solid Earth that is made of light rock material.”

Question 8

The crust is mainly a hard, rigid solid and its thickness is around

Answer 8

20-100 km thick.

Question 9

The most abundant elements found in crust are

Answer 9

• Oxygen (O)
• Silicon (Si) and
• Aluminum (Al)

Question 10

All Percentage of Earth’s Compositional of Crust with their elements:

Answer 10

Oxygen: 46.4%
Silicone: 28.2%
Aluminum: 8.32%
Iron: 5.63%
Calcium: 4.15%
Sodium: 2.36%
Magnesium: 2.33%
Potassium: 2.09%
Titanium: 0.57%
Hydrogen: 0.14%

Question 11

The crust is composed of two rocks:

Answer 11

• The continental crust
• The oceanic crust

Question 12

The continental crust is (_)

Answer 12

mostly granite

Question 13

The oceanic crust is (_)

Answer 13

basalt

Question 14

() is much denser than the ().

Answer 14

Basalt is much denser than the granite.
“Because of this the less dense continents ride on the denser oceanic plates.”

Question 15

• thick, less dense than oceanic crust and mostly old
• about 25 miles (32 kilometers) thick under the continents
• Is mostly composed of GRANITE

Answer 15

Continental Crust

Question 16

• thin, dense sinks under continental crust and young
• is only about 3-5 miles (8 kilometers) thick under the oceans
• is mostly composed of BASALT

Answer 16

Oceanic Crust

Question 17

The Mantle is the (_)

Answer 17

largest layer of the Earth.

Question 18

The middle mantle is composed of

Answer 18

very hot dense rock that flows like asphalt under a heavy weight.

Question 19

The movement of the middle mantle (asthenosphere) is the reason that the (_)

Answer 19

crustal plates of the Earth move.

Question 20

The Mantle:
- The (_) of Earth’s interior.
- is about 2,900 kilometers (1,802 miles) thick, and makes up a whopping 84% of Earth’s total volume.

Answer 20

mostly-solid bulk

Question 21

The Mantle:
- The mostly-solid bulk of Earth’s interior.
- is about (_) thick, and makes up a whopping 84% of Earth’s total volume.

Answer 21

2,900 kilometers (1,802 miles)

Question 22

The Mantle:
- The mostly-solid bulk of Earth’s interior.
- is about 2,900 kilometers (1,802 miles) thick, and makes up a whopping 84% of Earth’s total volume.
- It is made up of (_)

Answer 22

silicate rocks, mostly oxides of oxygen, silicon and magnesium.

Question 23

A. LAYERS OF THE MANTLE

The mantle is divided into several layers: (_), the strange region where the mantle meets the outer core.

Answer 23

the upper mantle, the transition zone, the lower mantle, and D” (D double-prime)

Question 24

• convection cells are separated by the transition zone into upper and lower mantle
• subducted slabs don’t pass through the 660 phase transition

Answer 24

Layered mantle hypothesis

Question 25

subducted slabs may plunge down to the D”-layer above the core-mantle boundary

Answer 25

Transition Zone

Question 26

The middle mantle “flows” because of (_)

Answer 26

convection currents.

Question 27

are caused by the very hot material at the deepest part of the mantle rising, then cooling and sinking again –repeating this cycle over and over.

Answer 27

Convection currents

Question 28

Two parts of the upper mantle are often recognized as distinct regions in Earth’s interior:

Answer 28

the lithosphere and the asthenosphere.

Question 29

According to one theory, convection currents in Earth’s mantle (_).

Answer 29

drag along tectonic plates

Question 30

• crust together with a hard upper part of the mantle (PLATES, Crust under continents, crust under ocean.

Answer 30

LITHOSPHERE

Question 31

• (Below Lithosphere) So much pressure and heat the rocks can flow like a liquid. Allows Lithosphere to “float” on top of it.

Answer 31

ASTHENOSPHERE

Question 32

Remember:
() - composed of crust and upper mantle
() - mobile part of the mantle under lithosphere

Answer 32

Lithosphere - composed of crust and upper mantle
Asthenosphere - mobile part of the mantle under lithosphere

Question 33

is the densest layer of the internal structure of the Earth.

Answer 33

The core

Question 34

The core is the densest layer of the internal structure of the Earth. It is about (_) thick to its center.

Answer 34

3500 km

Question 35

The core is the densest layer of the internal structure of the Earth. It is about 3500 km thick to its center. It has two parts, the:

Answer 35

outer core and the inner core.

Question 36

The core of the Earth is like a ball of very hot metals. (_) is so hot that the metals in it are all in the liquid state.

Answer 36

Outer core

Question 37

The core of the Earth is like a ball of very hot metals. The outer core is so hot that the metals in it are all in the liquid state. The outer core is composed of the melted metals (_).

Answer 37

of nickel and iron

Question 38

(_) of the Earth has temperatures and pressures so great that the metals are squeezed together and are not able to move about like a liquid, but are forced to vibrate in place like a solid.

Answer 38

The Inner Core

Question 39

() discontinuity - between upper & lower crust
() discontinuity - between lower crust & upper mantle
() discontinuity - between upper & lower Mantle
() discontinuity - between lower mantle & Outer Core
(_) discontinuity - between outer & inner core

Find all answers for these questions

Answer 39

Conrad discontinuity - between upper & lower crust
Moho/ Mohorovicic discontinuity - between lower crust & upper mantle
Repetti discontinuity - between upper & lower Mantle
Gutenburg discontinuity - between lower mantle & Outer Core
Lehmann discontinuity - between outer & inner core

Question 40

Done

Answer 40

Press 5