1Q: ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT Flashcards by JADE MARIE VELASCO

art of getting things done through
and with the people in formally organized
groups - Harold Koontz

Management

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determines the available alternatives and chooses the best solution that suits a given problem

Decision Making

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establishing objectives and suitable courses of action before taking action.

Planning

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arranging an organization’s structure
and coordinating its managerial practices

Organizing

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recruiting, placing, training and developing personnel

Staffing

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giving employees reasons or incentives to work

Motivating

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directing and influencing task-related
activities of organization members.

Leading

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monitoring actual organizational activities to see that they conform to planned activities and correcting deviations or flow.

Controlling

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factors which affect the
availability, production and
distribution of a society’s
resources among competing
users.

Economic Forces

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transferring information from one communicator to another.

Communicating

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influence of political and
legal institutions on
people and organizations.

Political Forces

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aspects of culture
that guide and
influence
relationships among
people.

Social Forces

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outlined the importance of
management as a science and called for the development of management principles (Management Theories)

Henry Towne

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advocated concern for the working
and living conditions of workers (Management Theories)

Robert Owen

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predicted the specialization of
mental work; and suggested profit sharing (Management Theories)

Charles Babbage

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management perspective that
emerged during the 19th and 20th
centuries that emphasized a
rational, scientific approach to
the study of management and
thought to make organizations as
efficient operating machines.

Classical Perspective Theory

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Father of Scientific Management + 4 principles of Scientific Management

Frederick Taylor

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14 General Principles of Management

Henry Fayol

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Hawthorne Studies

Elton Mayo

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Industrial Psychology

Hugo Munsterburg

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power sharing,
group dynamics,
conflict resolution

Mary Follet

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Theory of Motivation

Abraham Maslow

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producing
desired results without
wasting materials, time or
energy or simply “doing
things right”

Efficient

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means
producing a result that is
wanted or simply “doing
the right thing”

Effective

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symbolic head; obliged to perform a number of routine duties of a legal or social nature

Figurehead

responsible for the motivation of subordinates; responsible for staffing, training and associated duties

Leader

receives wide variety of information; serves as nerve center of internal and external information of the organization

Monitor

maintain self-developed network of outside contacts and informers who provide favors and information.

Liaison

transmits information received from outsiders or other subordinates to members of the organization

Disseminator

The people who buy and use a firm’s product and services are an important part of external micro-environment.

Customers

In the firm's external micro-environment, provides an important link between a business firm and its ultimate customers.

Marketing Intermediaries

Different firms in an industry compete for sale of their products.

Competitors

important force in external microenvironment.

Publics

Agriculture, industrial production, infrastructure, and planning, basic economic philosophy, stages of economic development, trade cycles, national income, per capita income, savings, money supply, price level and population.

Economic Environment

implies systematic application of scientific or other organized knowledge to practical tasks or activities

Technological Environment

The political- legal environment includes the activities of three political institutions, namely, legislature, executive and judiciary which usually play a useful role in shaping, directing, developing and controlling business activities.

Political-Legal Environment

liberation and globalization

Global or International Inputs

people's status and attitudes

Socio-Cultural Environment

size and growth of population

Demographic Environment

Launching a new idea or introducing procedures such as a cost reduction programme

Entrepreneur

strikes

Disturbance Handler

transmits information to outsiders on organization’s plans, policies, actions, and results; serves as expert on organization’s industry

Spokesperson

seeking for and sorting through data about the environment which is the process of gathering information about events and their relationships within an organization’s external and internal environments.

Environmental Scanning

Approving expenditure on a project

Resource Allocator

refers to the factors/elements within the organization which may affect, either positively or negatively, the performance of the organization.

Internal Business Environment

raw materials and components

Supplier of Inputs

Drawing up contracts with suppliers

Negotiator

refers to the factors/elements outside the organization which may affect, either positively or negatively, the performance of the organization.

External Business Environment

guides to mission and objectives

Value System

source of many inputs

Natural Environment

domain of the company

Mission and Objectives

composition of board directors

Organization Structure

determining the internal environment

Corporate Culture

bargains for better wages

Labor Unions

quality of employees

Quality of Human Resources

determining efficiency and cost of production

PHYSICAL RESOURCES AND TECHNOLOGICAL CAPABILITIES

framework that helps analysing the level of competition within a certain industry.

PORTER’S FIVE FORCES

SWOT

STRENGTHS, WEAKNESSES, OPPORTUNITIES, AND THREATS (SWOT).

framework or tool used to analyses and monitor the macro-environmental factors that may have a profound impact on an organization’s performance.

PESTEL

the process of measuring or comparing one’s own products, services, and practices with those of the recognized industry leaders in order to identify areas for improvement.

Benchmarking

simplest form of business and the easiest to register,

Sole Proprietorship

consists of two or more persons who bind themselves to contribute money or industry to a common fund, with the intention of dividing the profits among themselves.

Partnership

at least 5 natural persons up to a maximum of 15,

Corporation

an organization established for the purpose of purchasing and marketing the products of its members, i.e., shareholders, and/or procuring supplies for resale to the members, whose profits are distributed to the members (in the form of patronage dividends), not on the basis of the members' equity.

Cooperative

management function that determines human resources needs, recruit, selects, trains and develops human resources for job created by an organization.

Staffing

The planned output of any organization will require a systematic deployment of human resources at various levels. To be able to do it, the manager will have to involve himself with human resource planning.

Human Resources Planning

assessment of future human resource needs of the organization in relation to its current capabilities.

Forecasting

translating the forecasted human resource needs to personnel objectives and goals.

Programming

refers to monitoring human resource action plans and evaluating their success.

Evaluation and Control

attracting qualified persons to apply for vacant positions in the company so that those who are best suited to serve the company may be selected.

Recruitment

is the process of picking or choosing the right candidate, who is most suitable for a vacant job position in an organization. In others words, selection can also be explained as the process of interviewing the candidates and evaluating their qualities, which are required for a specific job and then choosing the suitable candidate for the position.

Selection

after an applicant is finally selected and subsequently hired, the next steps undertaken are

Induction and Orientation

is the measurement of employee performance. The purposes of performance appraisals are as follows:

Performance Appraisal

describes the cash rewards paid to employees in exchange for the services they provide. It may include base salary, wages, incentives and/or commission.

Compensation

this is a rewards program adopted by a business enterprise in inspiring and motivating appropriate employee behavior. And this kind of reward system can be monetary or in other ways.

Reward System