1hr lectures Flashcards

Question

Causes of hospital infections

Answer 1

- medical personnel - Patient flora - Many microorganisms - Improperly sterilised surgical equipment - Pathogens - Invasive procedures

Answer 2

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus. It resides in the mucous membranes of humans, e.g. nose - Is a member of the staphylococcus bacterial group which is resistant to the antibiotic methicillin and also other forms of antibiotics - This makes it difficult to treat and can result in serious illness for the patient as it can infect the blood, lungs, bones and other major organs of the body In patients that are not immuno-compromised, MRSA is generally limited to skin infections. This results in boils or an abscess if the infection gets under the skin. This is one of the most common forms of hospital acquired infections and is now present in large numbers in the community due to transmission methods.

Answer 3

 Vancomycin resistant enterococcus  An enterococcus is a gram positive coccus that normally colonises the lower gastrointestinal tract and genital tract of healthy individuals It is extremely difficult to treat this infection in an immunocompromised patient as there are few drugs which it will respond to and seriously ill patients may have conditions which prevent them from receiving these drugs

Answer 4

Definition: Using practices and procedures to prevent contamination from pathogens. Wash your hands before and after dealing with each patient you come in contact with Clean all equipment and surfaces down between each patient using an antiseptic solution MRSA – all staff are required to wear gown and gloves for each patient. At the conclusion of the simulation or treatment antibacterial solutions are used to clean all equipment and surfaces  VRE – special cleaning teams from the hospital are required to clean the entire room before another patient can be simulated/treated. This is due to the high resistance of the microorganism.  Gown and gloves (with or without a mask) must be worn by all staff coming in contact with the patient. Wearing gloves whenever you come in contact with bodily fluids during your examination or treatment of a patient. Wearing gloves when you are performing an invasive procedure, e.g. IV cannulation for a CT with contrast

Answer 5

- Fractures - Shoulder injuries - Musculoskeletal disorders - Tissue injuries - Falls

Answer 6

o Hold load close to your body – more control and less force required o Avoid twisting your body – turn toes and body in the direction of the move o Ensure good posture – stabilise spine o Use your legs – use knees and hips to do the majority of work o Lower centre of gravity o Widen your base of support – place feet shoulder width apart o Work between shoulder and waist level o Move load over shortest distance or in stages o Time the move with others – communicate when lift o Get help o Optimise patient position before commencing – shuffle to edge of the wheel chair, foot position underneath body not out in front, weight shift forward o Involve the patient

Answer 7

 Hoists  Hi-low beds  Slide boards  Slide sheets  Walking aids  Frames and walking sticks  Wheelchairs  Trolleys

Answer 8

- 4-6 people needed to move safely

Answer 9

- Spills, cords - Enough space to move yourself and the patient - Correct/appropriate clothing - Equipment safety - Utilisation of equipment - Lighting - Noise level

Answer 10

 First-hand gathering of data

Answer 11

 data and information gathered by others and acknowledged appropriately (e.g., literature review)

Answer 12

o Descriptive o Evaluates subjective life experiences o Focuses on understanding phenomena from an individual’s perspective o May use observation, interviews, case studies

Answer 13

o Formal objective and systematic process o Uses measurements. Hypotheses, data analysis and testing o Approaches such as experiments, surveys (used to gather quantitative data)

Answer 14

- Uses both design methods to collect data - Combination of research designs and data collection techniques in same project - Quantitative and Qualitative can be complementary o Combine experimental measurement and observation or interview

Answer 15

o National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Human Research | o Australian Code for the Responsible Conduct of Research

Answer 16

- Is the process of systematically finding, appraising and using contemporary research findings to improve clinical practice - Modern clinical practice developed from research evidence - EBO is not about conducting primary research it is about using research - clinical expertise, patient preference, research evidence

Answer 17

- Formulate a clear clinical question - Search the literature for relevant articles etc. relating to the question - Evaluate the evidence for its validity, reliability and usefulness in your patient situation - Implement useful findings in clinical practice to improve patient outcomes

Answer 18

- The gold standard of evidence based practice - A group of patients are randomly separated into two groups o Control group (placebo/standard treatment) o Treatment group (what you are trying to test) - Follow up both groups - Compare the results of both groups

Answer 19

- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation o Encompassing prevention, intervention and translation Prevention: - Research in disease susceptibility and identify factors involved in risk of disease or injury Intervention: - Develop strategies to prevent disease progression, complications, onset of ageing, etc. Translation - Ensure knowledge from research is effective in assisting patients - Researcher are from QUT’s Faculties of Health and Science and Engineering - Injury Prevention and Trauma Management o Orthopaedics, Trauma and Emergency Care

Answer 20

- Medical Engineering Research Facility o Facilities include operating theatres, cell culture laboratories, materials testing laboratories and mechanical and electrical workshops o Has three main area of research  Anatomical and surgical skills laboratory  Biological Research Facility  Research Laboratories

Answer 21

- The translational research institute is a unique, Australian-first initiative of ‘bench to bedside’ medical research - Key research themes are: Cancer, Genomics, Immunology, Metabolomics, Telehealth and Trauma