Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Orthopedics > 1.Fracture biomechanics > Flashcards

1.Fracture biomechanics Flashcards

1
Q

what is inorganic osteoid?

A

unmineralized bone made by osteoblast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

osteoclast develops from which lineage?

A

monocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe an osteoclast

A

large, multinucleated cell
responsible for bone resorption
produce acid locally which helps with bone resorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what makes up the organic ECM?

A

type 1 collagen and some ground substance such as proteoglycans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Know the macroscopic anatomy of the bone
-epiphysis
-metaphysis
-diaphysis

A

epiphysis is mostly cartilage- at the articular surfaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

where is cortical bone found

A

cortical bone aka compact bone is found at the shaft of long bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are some properties of cortical bone? density? cellularity?
how does it develop?

A

cortical bone is acellular and highly dense
it develops in proportion to stress
bone surrounds blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

where is trabecular bone found?

A

found on long bones, axial skeleton
its on the ends of the long bones
very porous, rich in nutrients/blood
blood surrounds bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what connects the periosteum to the cortical bone?

A

sharpeys fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

ECM made up of organic and inorganic substance, what are they

A

organic- type 1 collage
inorganic-hydroxyapatite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

hydroxyapatite is laid down by ___ as ______
how Is it mineralized?

A

osteoblast as unmineralized osteoid

alkaline phosphatase -enzyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is significant about the primary and secondary ossification centers in relation to bone fractures

A

this is at the site of the growth plate/physis

this is usually where the bone fractures occur bc its the weakest area, and specifically at the zone of hypertrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are some functions of bones

A

protective- ribs and skull
movement- muscles attach to it
shape- provides the body with a figure
blood cell production- BM RBC/WBC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

IO vs EO

A

intramembranous ossification: no cartilage template
EO- endochondral ossification has a cartilage intermediate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is an osteon, where is it found

A

its mineralized osteoid that becomes osteon
-this is cortical bone
is found at the metaphysis and diaphysis, its strongest at the diaphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

explain load deformation and stress-strain curve

A

bone has an elastic phase, theres a yield point where it becomes plastic and can not deform- if increasing load at the plastic phase the bone will break

17
Q

what is tension force and what type of fracture occurs

A

this is when bone is being pulled in opposite direction
transverse fracture

18
Q

what is compression force and what type of fracture occurs

A

bone compressed

19
Q

what is shearing force and what type of fracture occurs

A

shearing is forces applied from opposite sides

fracture can be oblique

20
Q

what is torsion force

A

twisting of the bone
spiral or long oblique

21
Q

what fracture would you expect with a compression and bending force

A

transverse with a butterfly piece

22
Q

what fracture would you see with a bending force

A

transverse with a small butterfly

23
Q

with load and deformation curves- what happens to the curve when the loading rate is extremely fast?

A

bone is less elastic- becomes plastic quickly both of these phases are short lived and bone fails

slower loading rate allows for the bone to remain elastic and not fail as easily/quickly

24
Q

open vs closed fracture whats the differences

A

open fracture has exposed bone to the outside-

closed fracture- no bone has pierced through soft tissue

25
Q

simple vs comminuted

A

comminuted >2 pieces. causes by greater forces such as HBC or gun wound

simple: 2 piece fracture, usually transverse or oblique/spiral

26
Q

anatomic location refers to what when describing the fracture

A

right or left
metaphysis,physis etc
fracture line:transverse or oblique etc

27
Q

salter harris classification

A

Type I: Physis- only physis involved, good prognosis
Type II: Metaphysis, good prognosis
Type II: Epiphysis- poor, involves articular surface
Type IV : Both epiphysis and methaphysis, poor prognosis
Type V: Crushing forces, leading to angular deformities

28
Q

type 1 open fracture

A

fractured bone penetrates the skin from within, so the fracture caused the wound

29
Q

type 2 open fracture

A

wound connected to the fracture
wound >1cm

30
Q

type 3 open fracture
IIIa
IIIb
IIIc

A

high energy trauma, soft tissue and bone loss
3a-minor plastic procedure if any
3b- soft tissue remaining no enough to close wound
3c- blood supply compromised, may need amputation

Orthopedics (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions