1f-Ionic bonding Flashcards
Question: What is ionic bonding?
Answer: Ionic bonding is the transfer of electrons from a metal atom to a non-metal atom, resulting in positively and negatively charged ions that attract each other.
Question: How are ions formed?
Answer:
Metals lose electrons to form positively charged ions (cations).
Non-metals gain electrons to form negatively charged ions (anions).
Question: What is the electron configuration of ions?
Answer: Ions have the electron configuration of the nearest noble gas. Example: Na → Na⁺ (2, 8), Cl → Cl⁻ (2, 8, 8)
Question: What is the structure of an ionic compound?
Answer: Ionic compounds form a giant lattice structure with strong electrostatic forces between oppositely charged ions.
Question: What are the properties of ionic compounds?
Answer:
High melting and boiling points due to strong ionic bonds.
Conduct electricity when molten or dissolved because ions are free to move.
Hard and brittle due to the rigid lattice structure.
Question: What is a dot-and-cross diagram?Answer:
A dot-and-cross diagram shows the transfer of electrons during ionic bonding. Example: Sodium chloride (NaCl) shows sodium losing one electron and chlorine gaining one electron.
Question: How do you write the formula of ionic compounds?
Answer: Combine ions so their charges balance. Example:
Na⁺ and Cl⁻ → NaCl
Ca²⁺ and Cl⁻ → CaCl₂
Practical: Investigating the Properties of Ionic Compounds
Method:
Test the melting points of ionic compounds by heating small samples.
Test electrical conductivity in solid and molten states.
Practical: Investigating the Properties of Ionic Compounds
Results
:
Positive Result: Ionic compounds have high melting points and conduct electricity when molten or dissolved.
Negative Result: They do not conduct electricity as solids because ions cannot move.
