1a-States of matter Flashcards
What are the three states of matter?
The three states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas.
What are the properties of solids?
Solids have a fixed shape and volume, with particles closely packed and vibrating in place.
What are the properties of liquids?
Liquids have a fixed volume but no fixed shape, with particles close together that can move past each other.
What are the properties of gases?
Gases have no fixed shape or volume, with particles far apart that move freely.
What happens during melting?
Melting is the process where a solid turns into a liquid as particles gain energy and break free from fixed positions.
What happens during freezing?
Freezing is the process where a liquid turns into a solid as particles lose energy and arrange into a fixed structure.
What happens during boiling?
Boiling is the process where a liquid turns into a gas as particles gain energy and escape as vapor.
What happens during condensation?
Condensation is the process where a gas turns into a liquid as particles lose energy and come closer together.
What happens during sublimation?
During sublimation, a substance changes directly from a solid to a gas without passing through the liquid state. This happens when particles at the surface of the solid gain enough energy to break free and become gas. Examples include carbon dioxide (dry ice) and iodine.
What is diffusion?
Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
How does diffusion occur in gases?
Diffusion occurs faster in gases because particles are more spread out and move freely.
How does temperature affect the rate of diffusion?
Higher temperature increases particle energy, causing faster diffusion.
What is the method for investigating diffusion in gases?
Place a cotton wool soaked in ammonia at one end of a glass tube and another soaked in hydrochloric acid at the other end.
What is observed in the diffusion experiment?
The white ring of amonium chloride forms closer to the hydrochloric acid end because ammonia particles diffuse faster.
What is the conclusion of the diffusion experiment?
Diffusion occurs due to particle movement, and lighter particles diffuse faster.
