1E- organising and interpreting data Flashcards
Data definition
information used as
part of or generated by an
investigation
Primary data definition
data collected first-hand
by a researcher
Secondary data definition
data sourced from others’
prior research
Quantitative data definition
data that is expressed
numerically
Qualitative data definition
data that is expressed
non-numerically
Objective data definition
factual data that is observed and
measured independently
of personal opinion
Subjective data definition
data that
is informed by personal
opinion, perception, or
interpretation
Descriptive statistics definition
statistics that summarise,
organise, and describe data
Percentage formula =
given number
——————– × 100
total number
Percentage change formula =
old number − new number
————————————– × 100
old number
Measures of central
tendency definition
descriptive
statistics that summarise
a data set by describing
the centre of the
distribution of the data set
with a single value
mean definition
a measure of
central tendency that
describes the numerical
average of a data set,
expressed as a single value
Outlier definition
a value that
differs significantly from
other values in a data set
Median definition
a measure of
central tendency that is
the middle value in a data
set ordered from lowest
to highest
Mode definition
a measure of
central tendency that is the
most frequently occurring
value in a data set
Measures of variability
statistics that summarise
and describe the spread
and distribution of a
data set
Range definition
a measure of
variability that is a value
obtained by subtracting
the lowest value in a data
set from the highest value
Standard deviation definition
a measure of variability,
expressed as a value that
describes the spread of
data around the mean
Table definition
a presentation
of data arranged into
columns and rows
Bar chart definition
a graph
displaying the relationship
between at least two
variables using rectangular
bars with heights or
lengths proportional to the
values they represent
Line graph definition
a graph
displaying the relationship
between at least two
variables using a straight
line to connect data points
independent variable is on what axis
x axis
dependent variable is on what axis
y axis
