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Chemistry - s1 Organic Chemistry > 1e Chemical formulae, equations and calculations (p1) > Flashcards

1e Chemical formulae, equations and calculations (p1) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the charge on a hydrogen ion?

A

H+

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2
Q

What is the charge on a magnesium ion?

A

Mg2+

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3
Q

What is the charge on a barium ion?

A

Ba2+

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4
Q

What is the charge on a copper(I) ion?

A

Cu+

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5
Q

What is the charge on a copper(II) ion?

A

Cu2+

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6
Q

What is the charge on a iron(II) ion?

A

Fe2+

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7
Q

What is the charge on a iron(III) ion?

A

Fe3+

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8
Q

What is the charge on a phosphide ion?

A

P3-

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9
Q

What is the charge on an oxide ion?

A

O2-

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10
Q

What is the charge on an Ammonium ion?

A

NH4 +

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11
Q

What is the charge on a nitrate ion?

A

NO3 -

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12
Q

What is the charge on a cyanide ion?

A

CN-

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13
Q

What is the charge of a hydroxide ion?

A

OH-

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14
Q

What is the charge of a carbonate ion?

A

CO3 2-

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15
Q

What is the charge of a sulfate ion?

A

SO4 2-

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16
Q

What is the charge on a peroxide ion?

A

O2 2-

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17
Q

What is the charge on a hydrogen carbonate ion?

A

HCO3 -

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18
Q

What is the charge on a hydrogen sulfate ion?

A

HSO4 -

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19
Q

How to work out a chemical formula if the elements are metal and non metal?

A

1) Look at the elements in the compound.
- Metal and Non Metal
Ionic
Work out charges on each ion
Group 1 - 1+ 2 - 2+ 3 - 3+ 4 - * 5 - 5- 6 - 6- 7 - 7- 8 - **

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20
Q

How to work out a chemical formula if the elements are 2 non metals?

A

1) Look at the elements in the compound
- Two or more non metals
Covalent
Work out how many covalent bonds each element must form
Group 4 (8-4) 4 5 (8-5) 3 6 (8-6) 2 7 (8-7) 1

21
Q

What are the diatomic elements?

A

H2, O2, N2, and group 7 elements F2, Cl2, Br2 and I2

22
Q

What is the formula of Hydrochloric acid?

A

HCl

23
Q

What is the formula of sulphuric acid?

A

H2SO4

24
Q

What is the formula of nitric acid?

A

HNO3

25
Q

What is the formula of sodium carbonate?

A

Na2CO3

26
Q

What is the formula of sodium sulphate?

A

Na2SO4

27
Q

What is the formula of Sodium nitrate?

A

NaNO3

28
Q

What is the formula of sodium hydroxide?

A

NaOH

29
Q

What is the formula of magnesium hydroxide?

A

Mg(OH)2

30
Q

What is the formula of calcium carbonate?

A

CaCO3

31
Q

What is the formula of ammonium cloride?

A

NH4Cl

32
Q

What is an element?

A

a substance made from one type of atom. It cannot be broken down into anything simpler by chemical means

33
Q

What is an atomic number?

A

Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

34
Q

What is a mass number?

A

The number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

35
Q

What is an isotope?

A

Atoms of an element with different numbers of neutrons but the same number of protons

36
Q

What is the Relative atomic mass? (Ar)

A

The mass of an atom of an element compared to the mass of an atom of a carbon. The relative atomic mass of carbon is defined as 12. This takes into account the abundance of all existing isotopes of that element.

37
Q

What is the Relative formula mass?

A

The combined relative atomic masses of all the atoms in a formula. To find the relative formula mass of a chemical you just add up the relative atomic masses of the constituent atoms.

38
Q

What is a mole?

A

An amount of substance containing 6x10 23 particles (atoms, molecules, ions). Note: One mole of a substance is equal to its relative atomic or formula mass in grams

39
Q

What is the equation for moles?

A

Moles = mass/relative atomic mass

40
Q

What is the molar volume of gasses?

A

1 moles of any gas occupies 24000cm3 at room temperature and pressure

41
Q

What is the equation for #moles of gas?

A

moles gas = volume dm3/24

42
Q

How do you convert from cm3 to dm3?

A

To convert cm3 to dm3 divide by 1000

43
Q

What is thermal decomposition?

A

Breaking down by heat

44
Q

What is the equation for the percentage yield?

A

Percentage yield = actual value/theoretic value x 100

45
Q

What is an empirical formula?

A

Shows the simplest ratio of atoms present

46
Q

What is the molecular formula?

A

Tells you the actual number of atoms in one molecule

47
Q

What is the empirical and molecular formula of ethane?

A

Empirical formula - CH3
Molecular formula - C2H6

48
Q

How do you convert from empirical to molecular formula?

A

To convert from empirical to molecular formula you need to know the Mr of the actual compound and then work out the Mr of the empirical formula
SO -
Actual Mr/Empirical Mr = multiplying factor
Now multiply each part of the empirical formula by the scale factor

49
Q

How to calculate reacting mass calculations?

A

1) Write </ or ? on balanced equation
2) Find moles </ (=mass/Mr)
3) Find moles ? (use balanced equation)
4) Find mass? (= moles x Mr)

Chemistry - s1 Organic Chemistry (10 decks)

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