1a States of matter Flashcards
What are elements?
The smallest part of an element is called an atom. All the atoms in an element are the same type. Elements can’t be broken down into smaller substances.
Atoms joined, or bonded, together chemically are called molecules. If a substance is made from more than one type of atom, it is called a compound.
In a chemical change, new substances are made in a physical change
What are the properties of a solid?
- It has a fixed shape
- It has a fixed volume
- It does not flow
- Vibrate about fixed positions
- Close together - touching
- Regular pattern
What are the properties of a liquid?
- It cannot be compressed
- It takes the shape of its container
- It has a fixed volume
- It can flow
- It can be poured
- Close together - touching
- Not a regular pattern
- Can slide over each other (poured)
What are the properties of a gas?
- It can be compressed
- It fills its container
- It does not have a fixed volume
- It can flow
- It can be poured - denser than air
- Widely spread out - not touching
- Free to move - move very fast
- Not a regular pattern
What is a solute?
The thing that is dissolved
What is a solvent?
The thing that does the dissolving
What is a solution?
The mixture formed when a solute is dissolved in a solvent
What does saturated mean?
When a solvent cannot dissolve any more solute
What does solubility mean?
How easily a solute dissolves
What is solubility measured in?
grams per 100g of water
Not all salts have the same solubility
What is diffusion?
Diffusion is how particles move and mix by themselves without being stirred or shaken.
Only liquids and gas particles diffuse because they are moving all the time.
Gases diffuse quicker than liquids.
The particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. If water is hot then diffusion happens quicker because the particles contain more kinetic energy than in cold water. They mix together until they are evenly spread out.
