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Chem 360 > 1c > Flashcards

1c Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the maximum observed solar output

A

Occurs in the range of visible light I.e. between the wavelengths 0.40 and 0.75 um

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2
Q

What is the red limit

A

It’s the max wavelength for visible light. After that is ir

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3
Q

What is the violet limit

A

Shorter waves then violet are not visible and are uv

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4
Q

Wavelengths for IR

A

0.75 - 4 um

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5
Q

Wavelength for uv

A

Less then 0.4 um

50nm < wavelength < 400 nm

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6
Q

What does albedo mean?

A

The fraction of sunlight reflected back into space by an object

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7
Q

What was the warming trend from 1910-1940 due to mainly?

A

Lack of volcanic activity and slight increase in the intensity of sunlight

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8
Q

What was the cooling from 1940-1970 due to mainly?

A

Aerosols from increased volcanic activity

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9
Q

What was the warming from 1970 to present due to mainly?

A

Anthropogenic influences

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10
Q

What range does the earth emit energy in

A

Around 5-50 um with a peak at 13. This is thermal IR

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11
Q

What is the enhanced green house effect

A

Artificial global warming

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12
Q

Range for thermal IR

A

5–100 um

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13
Q

Range of thermal IR window?

A

8-13 um

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14
Q

Range for visible light?

A

.4 um - .78 um

400nm - 780 nm

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15
Q

What % of global co2 emissions are represented in fig 5-9

A

6%

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16
Q

Window for water

A

5.5-7.7 and???

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17
Q

Window for methane

A

7.7

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18
Q

Window for O3

A

9-10

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19
Q

Lifetime of methane

A

<10 years

20
Q

3 dominant sinks for methane

A
  1. Reaction with OH
  2. Reactions with soil
  3. Loss to stratosphere
21
Q

1 kg is how much more effective then CO2?

A

23

22
Q

How much has methane contributed to global warming in comparison with CO2

A

1/3

23
Q

What % of methane emissions are anthropogenic

A

70%

24
Q

6 sources of methane

A
  1. E production and distribution
  2. ruminant of livestock
  3. melted permafrost
  4. Biomass burning
  5. Landfills
  6. Wetlands
25
Q

Define clathrate

A

A structure that forms when small molecules occupy vacant space

26
Q

How effective is 1 mol of N2O as a ghg compared to CO2

A

206

27
Q

Lifetime of N2O

A

120 years

28
Q

Net effect of N2O compared to CO2

A

1/9

29
Q

Sources of N2O

A

Oceans, tropical soils, excess fertilizer (most important) landfills

30
Q

Sinks N2O

A

None but it’s destroyed in strat and degrades in N(g)

31
Q

How effective is a molecule of CFC as a ghg compared to CO2

A

10,000^12

32
Q

What has more effect on global warming CFCs or HCFCs? Why

A

HCFCs have shorter lifetime so less important

33
Q

Effect of SF6 vs CO2 on global warming

A

23,900

34
Q

Sources of ozone

A

Power plants, cars, forest fires

35
Q

% effect of ozone on ghg

A

11%

36
Q

Define aerosol

A

Colloidal suspension of particles dispersed in air or gas

37
Q

Aerosols effect on global warming

A

Offset and mask ghg

38
Q

What type of aerosol 1.absorbs
2.reflects
3.scatters
Light

A
  1. dark
  2. sulfate rich
  3. sulfate+ordinary
39
Q

Sinks for aerosols

A

Rain

40
Q

Lifetime of aerosols

A

Days

41
Q

Hot spots for aerosols

A

Europe, China, Russia

42
Q

Order of ghgs effect on global warming

A

H2O>CO2>CH4>O3>CFC>N2O>SF6

43
Q

Area of globe experiencing greatest increase in temp?

A

Arctic

44
Q

Melting ice negative or positive feedback

A

Positive

45
Q

Problem for models now

A

Clouds

46
Q

Effect of low and night lying clouds?

A

Low=warming

High=cool

47
Q

Signs of climate change

A
  1. percipitation
  2. Extreme weather
  3. short winters
  4. ice coverage shrinking
  5. Dying coals from warm water
  6. Mosquito-borne diseases reaching higher altitudes
  7. rising sea levels

Chem 360 (4 decks)

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