1B. The structure and function of the respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

Name the structures that air moves through as it passes from mouth to alveoli

A

MOUTH, Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, ALVEOLI

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2
Q

What is the function of the cilia?

A

Trap dirt and dust

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3
Q

What is the function of the alveoli?

A

Provide a surface for diffusion of gases/ gas exchange

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4
Q

Describe the process of diffusion that occurs in the lungs

A

Gases move from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration. Oxygen out of the alveloi. carbondioxide into alveoli

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5
Q

Explain why oxygen diffuses into the blood?

A

Because the concentration of oxygen is higher in alveoli than blood in the capillaries.

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6
Q

Name 4 factors that assist gaseous exchange

A
Thin cell wall
Short distance between membranes
large surface area
layer of moisture
Surrounded by dense capillary network
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7
Q

What is the function of Haemoglobin?

A

To transport oxygen as oxyhaemoglobin. It also transports carbondioxide.

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8
Q

Name the muscles used during inspiration at rest and explain the process that occurs in expiration at rest

A

inspiration at rest -Diaphragm and intercostal muscles

Expiration - The diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax and chest cavity returns to normal size.

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9
Q

Name the Name the muscles used during inspiration and expiration during exercise.

A

inspiration during exercise - Pectorals, sternocleidomastoid.
expiration during exercise - Adominals

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10
Q

Describe the mechanic of inhalation at rest

A

Diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract, ribs move up and out, chest cavity increase in size. air moves form area of higher concentration into the lungs which has a lower concentration.

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11
Q

What is tidal volume?

A

Volume of air breathed ina dn out at rest.

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12
Q

Which lung volume is used to increase the amount of air breathed in?

A

Inspiratory reserve volumes

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13
Q

What is the name of the amount of air left in the lungs after a full expiration

A

Residual volume

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