1b psychiatric disorders across the lifespan

Question 1

what is dementia

Answer 1

Degenerative disease of the brain with:
cognitive and behavioural impairment
must be severe enough to impact social and occupational functon

Question 2

pathophysiology of Alzheimers

Answer 2

Amyloid plaques
Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs)
loss of neurons and synapses in the cortex and hippocampus

Question 3

example of an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor

Answer 3

Donepezil

Question 4

example of a NMDA receptor antagonist

Answer 4

Memantine

Question 5

early symptoms of Alzheimers (5)

Answer 5

Absent-mindedness
Difficulty recalling names and words
Difficulty learning new information
Disorientation in unfamiliar surroundings
Reduced social engagement

Question 6

features of progressive alzheimers

Answer 6

Marked memory impairment
Reduced vocabulary
Loss of less complex speech patterns.
Mood swings and/or apathy
Decline in ADL’s & social skills
Emergence of psychotic phenomena

Question 7

advanced alzheimers symptoms

Answer 7

Monosyllabic speech
Psychotic symptoms
Behavioural disturbance
Loss of bladder and bowel control
Reduced mobility

Question 8

psychiatry involved in alzheimers

Answer 8

delusions - paranoid
auditory/visual hallucinations
depression

Question 9

catastrophic reactions in alzheimers

Answer 9

the patient becomes very frustrated and angry with their inability to understand and lash out

Question 10

tool used to assess alzheimers

Answer 10

MMSE (Mini Mental State Examination)

Question 11

delirium vs dementia vs depression

Answer 11

delirium - acute, fluctuating, hours/weeks, altered consciousness, impaired attention, psychomotor agitation/depression, reversible
dementia - insidious, progressive, months/years, irreversible
depression - acute or insidious, chronic, months/years, psychomotor depression, reversible

Question 12

importance of adolescent brain

Answer 12

vulnerable to influence by peers

reward system develops faster than prefrontal cortex (risky behaviours therefore)

Question 13

diagnosis of ADHD

Answer 13

• at least 6 months of persistent pattern of inattention/hyperactivity
• inappropriate to developmental level
• interferes with functioning/ development
• several symptoms before age 12
• symptoms in two or more settings
• not explained by another disorder

Question 14

risk factors of ADHD

Answer 14

boys
1st degree relatives
premature birth
low birth weight
prenatal tobacco

Question 15

prognosis of ADHD

Answer 15

70% still have it as teenager

40-60% as adults

Question 16

stages of psychosocial development

Answer 16

infant - hope
18mth-3yr - will
3-5 - purpose
6-13 - competency
14-21 - fidelity
22-39 - love
40-65 - care
65+ - wisdom

Question 17

somatisation disorder

Answer 17

symptoms/pain with no physical cause found

Question 18

autism spectrum disorder

Answer 18

not interacting with others, behind peers in class, prefers to sit back and observe

Question 19

OCD

Answer 19

compulsions and obsessive thoughts manifesting as repeated actions + perfectionism

Question 20

tourettes syndrome

Answer 20

involuntary movements of body, not context-appropriate sounds/actions