1B More Biological Molecules

Question 1

What makes up a nucleotide?

Answer 1

a pentose sugar
a nitrogen containing organic base
a phosphate group

Question 2

What is the pentose sugar in DNA called?

Answer 2

Deoxyribose

Question 3

Name the 4 bases possible in DNA

Answer 3

Adenine
Guanine
Thymine
Cytosine

Question 4

What is the pentose sugar called in RNA?

Answer 4

Ribose

Question 5

Name the difference in bases between RNA and DNA

Answer 5

DNA = thymine
RNA = uracil

Question 6

How do nucleotides join up?

Answer 6

A condensation reaction between the phosphate group of one nucleotide and the pentose sugar of another

Question 7

What bond is formed when joining nucleotides?

Answer 7

Phosphodiester bond (consisting of 2 ester bonds and the phosphate group)

Question 8

What is the chain of sugar and phosphate called?

Answer 8

Sugar-phosphate backbone

Question 9

What is the structure of DNA?

Answer 9

Two DNA polynucleotide strands join together by hydrogen bonding between the bases through complementary base pairing. The strands twist into a double helix

Question 10

How many Hydrogen bonds form between A & T and C & G

Answer 10

A&T = 2 bonds
C&G = 3 bonds

Question 11

Who discovered the double helix structure?

Answer 11

Watson and Crick

Question 12

Describe the structure of RNA

Answer 12

Single polynucleotide chain

Question 13

What is the name given to the process of DNA replication?

Answer 13

Semi-Conservative replication