1b More Bio Mol Flashcards
What’s an anticodon
A sequence of three adjacent nucleotides on a molecule of transfer RNA that is complementary to a particular codon on a messenger RNA molecule
What’s ADP
A nucleotides that combines in a condensation reaction with a phosphate molecule to form ATP, catalysed by atp synthase
What’s ATP
Nucleotide found in all living organisms which is produced during respiration and is
important in the transfer of energy
What’s a codon
A sequence of three adjacent nucleotides in mRNA that codes for one amino acid
What’s complimentary base pairing
How the bases pair together.
Adenine and thymine with two H bonds
Guanine and cytosine with three H bonds
What’s complementary DNA
DNA that is made from messenger RNA in a process that is the reverse of normal transcription
Explain conjugation
The transfer of DNA from one cell to another by a thin tube
What is DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Present in nearly all living organisms
What is the shape of dna
Double helix made of two polynucleotide chains that run antiparralel to each other, with the phosphate backbone on the outside and organic bases bonded by H bonds in the middle
What do the nucleotides have
Deoxyribose sugar
A T C G bases
Phosphate
What is DNA helicase
An enzyme that acts on DNA to break the H bonds between the bases to separate the two strands
What is DNA polymerase
Enzyme that joins DNA nucleotides together in a condensation reaction to form phosphodiester bonds durning DNA replication
What’s a gene
A section of DNA on a chromosome coding for one or more polypeptide
What’s the genotype
The genetic composition of an organism
What’s something that causes a mutation called
Mutagen
What’s a mutation
A sudden change in the amount or arrangement of the genetic material in a cell
What’s the other type of organic bases
Uracil
What’s a Penrose
Sugar with five carbons
What’s the bond between two amino acids
Peptide bond
What’s a phenotype
The characteristics of an organism- often visible- resulting from both the environment and its genotype
What bond is formed between the phosphate group and the Penrose sugar of nucleotides?
Phosphodiester bonds
What’s RNA
A polynucleotide
Contains nucleotides with a Pentose sugar ribose, rather than a deoxyribose
Contains A U G C
Can be either mRNA, tRNA or rRNA
