1b. General Microbiology Flashcards
What exotoxin does Corynbacterium diphtheriae (+) release?
Diptheria toxin.
What exotoxin does Pseudomonas aeruginosa (-) release?
Exotoxin A.
What exotoxin does Shigella dysenteriae (-) release?
Shiga toxin.
What exotoxin does Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) release?
Verotoxin (a shiga-like toxin).
What exotoxin does Clostridium tetani (+) release?
Tetanus toxin.
What exotoxin does Clostridium botulinum (+) release?
Botulinum toxin.
What exotoxin that is an endotoxin enhancer does Staphylococcus aureus (+) release?
TSST-1.
What exotoxin does Streptococcus pyogenes (+) release?
Erythrogenic or pyrogenic toxin (AKA Exotoxin A as well).
What exotoxin does Enterotoxic E. coli (-) release?
Heat liable toxin (LT).
What exotoxin does Vibrio cholerae (+) release?
Cholera toxin.
What exotoxin does Bacillus anthracis (+) release?
Anthrax toxin (3 proteins make 2 toxins).
What exotoxin does Bordetella pertussis (-) release?
Pertussis toxin.
What exotoxin does Clostridium perfringens (+) release?
Alpha toxin - Lecithinase.
What exotoxin that causes cytolysis does Staphyloccus aureus (+) release?
Alpha toxin.
What does the Diptheria toxin do?
ADP ribosyl transferase; inactivates EF-2; 1`prime targets: heart/nerves/epithelium. Inhibits eukaryotic cell protein synthesis.
What does the Exotoxin A do?
ADP ribosyl transferase; inactivates EF-2; liver. Inhibits eukaryotic cell protein synthesis.
What does the Shiga toxin do?
Interferes with 60s ribosomal subunit. Inhibits eukaryotic cell protein synthesis. It is enterotoxic, cytotoxic, and neurotoxic.
What does the Verotoxin (a shiga-like toxin) do?
Interferes with 60s ribosomal subunit. Inhibits eukaryotic cell protein synthesis.
What does the Tetanus toxin do?
Blocks the release of the inhibitory transmitters glycine and GABA. Inhibits neutransmission in inhibitory response.
What does the Botulinum toxin do?
Blocks release of acetylcholine. Inhibits cholinergic synapse.
What does the TSST-1 do?
Pyrogenic, decreases liver clearance of LPD, superantigen. Causes fever, increased susceptibility to LPS, rash, shock, capillary leakage.
What does the Erythrogenic or pyrogenic toxin (AKA Exotoxin A as well) do?
Similar o TSST-1 (Pyrogenic, decreases liver clearance of LPD, superantigen). Causes fever, increased susceptibility to LPS, rash, shock, capillary leakage, AND cardiotoxicity.
What does the Heat liable toxin (LT) do?
LT stimulates an adenylate cyclase by ADP ribosylation of GTP binding protein. Both LT and ST promote secretion of fluid and electrolytes from intestinal epithelium.
What does the Cholera toxin do?
Similar to E. coli LT (LT stimulates an adenylate cyclase by ADP ribosylation of GTP binding protein). Causes profuse, watery diarrhea.
What does the Anthrax toxin (3 proteins make 2 toxins) do?
EF: edema factor = adeynylate cyclase. LF: lethal factor. PA: Protective antigen (B component for both). Causes decrease phagocytosis and edema, which kills cell.
What does the Pertussis toxin do?
ADP rubosylates Gi, the negative regulator of adenylate cyclase = increased cAMP. Histamine-sensitizing lymphocytosis promotion Islate activation.
What does the Alpha toxin - Lecithinase do?
Damages cell membranes: myonecrosis.
What does the Alpha toxin do?
Toxin intercalates forming pores: cell membrane becomes leaky.
