1b. General Microbiology

Question 1

What exotoxin does Corynbacterium diphtheriae (+) release?

Answer 1

Diptheria toxin.

Question 2

What exotoxin does Pseudomonas aeruginosa (-) release?

Answer 2

Exotoxin A.

Question 3

What exotoxin does Shigella dysenteriae (-) release?

Answer 3

Shiga toxin.

Question 4

What exotoxin does Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) release?

Answer 4

Verotoxin (a shiga-like toxin).

Question 5

What exotoxin does Clostridium tetani (+) release?

Answer 5

Tetanus toxin.

Question 6

What exotoxin does Clostridium botulinum (+) release?

Answer 6

Botulinum toxin.

Question 7

What exotoxin that is an endotoxin enhancer does Staphylococcus aureus (+) release?

Answer 7

TSST-1.

Question 8

What exotoxin does Streptococcus pyogenes (+) release?

Answer 8

Erythrogenic or pyrogenic toxin (AKA Exotoxin A as well).

Question 9

What exotoxin does Enterotoxic E. coli (-) release?

Answer 9

Heat liable toxin (LT).

Question 10

What exotoxin does Vibrio cholerae (+) release?

Answer 10

Cholera toxin.

Question 11

What exotoxin does Bacillus anthracis (+) release?

Answer 11

Anthrax toxin (3 proteins make 2 toxins).

Question 12

What exotoxin does Bordetella pertussis (-) release?

Answer 12

Pertussis toxin.

Question 13

What exotoxin does Clostridium perfringens (+) release?

Answer 13

Alpha toxin - Lecithinase.

Question 14

What exotoxin that causes cytolysis does Staphyloccus aureus (+) release?

Answer 14

Alpha toxin.

Question 15

What does the Diptheria toxin do?

Answer 15

ADP ribosyl transferase; inactivates EF-2; 1`prime targets: heart/nerves/epithelium. Inhibits eukaryotic cell protein synthesis.

Question 16

What does the Exotoxin A do?

Answer 16

ADP ribosyl transferase; inactivates EF-2; liver. Inhibits eukaryotic cell protein synthesis.

Question 17

What does the Shiga toxin do?

Answer 17

Interferes with 60s ribosomal subunit. Inhibits eukaryotic cell protein synthesis. It is enterotoxic, cytotoxic, and neurotoxic.

Question 18

What does the Verotoxin (a shiga-like toxin) do?

Answer 18

Interferes with 60s ribosomal subunit. Inhibits eukaryotic cell protein synthesis.

Question 19

What does the Tetanus toxin do?

Answer 19

Blocks the release of the inhibitory transmitters glycine and GABA. Inhibits neutransmission in inhibitory response.

Question 20

What does the Botulinum toxin do?

Answer 20

Blocks release of acetylcholine. Inhibits cholinergic synapse.

Question 21

What does the TSST-1 do?

Answer 21

Pyrogenic, decreases liver clearance of LPD, superantigen. Causes fever, increased susceptibility to LPS, rash, shock, capillary leakage.

Question 22

What does the Erythrogenic or pyrogenic toxin (AKA Exotoxin A as well) do?

Answer 22

Similar o TSST-1 (Pyrogenic, decreases liver clearance of LPD, superantigen). Causes fever, increased susceptibility to LPS, rash, shock, capillary leakage, AND cardiotoxicity.

Question 23

What does the Heat liable toxin (LT) do?

Answer 23

LT stimulates an adenylate cyclase by ADP ribosylation of GTP binding protein. Both LT and ST promote secretion of fluid and electrolytes from intestinal epithelium.

Question 24

What does the Cholera toxin do?

Answer 24

Similar to E. coli LT (LT stimulates an adenylate cyclase by ADP ribosylation of GTP binding protein). Causes profuse, watery diarrhea.

Question 25

What does the Anthrax toxin (3 proteins make 2 toxins) do?

Answer 25

EF: edema factor = adeynylate cyclase. LF: lethal factor. PA: Protective antigen (B component for both). Causes decrease phagocytosis and edema, which kills cell.

Question 26

What does the Pertussis toxin do?

Answer 26

ADP rubosylates Gi, the negative regulator of adenylate cyclase = increased cAMP. Histamine-sensitizing lymphocytosis promotion Islate activation.

Question 27

What does the Alpha toxin - Lecithinase do?

Answer 27

Damages cell membranes: myonecrosis.

Question 28

What does the Alpha toxin do?

Answer 28

Toxin intercalates forming pores: cell membrane becomes leaky.