1b Depression Flashcards
What are the core symptoms of depression?
Low mood
Anhedonia - lack of enjoyment in things which used to be enjoyable
Anergia - low energy
What are the symptoms of depression?
Lack of appetite
Impaired sleep
Mood worse during morning
Low energy
Anhedonia
Poor concentration
Impaired libido
Feelings of guilt
what are the cognitive symptoms of depression?
becoming pessimistic about the world, oneself and the future
What are the biological symptoms of depression?
Lack of sleep
Lowered libido
Appetite dysfunction - can be lowered or raised
What are the components of a mental heath state examination?
Appearance and behaviour
Speech
Mood / Affect
Thought
Perceptions
Cognition
Insight
What is psychomotor retardation?
Psychomotor retardation is the slowing down or hampering of your mental or physical activities. You typically see this in the form of slow thinking or slow body movements
What might happen to speech in someone with depression?
Monotonous
Quietly spoken and reduced volume
Lacking prosody
Normal / slightly reduced pace of speech
What is the difference between mood and affect?
Mood = longitudinal feelings, throughout time
Affect = how you are feeling there and then
What are mood congruent psychotic symptoms to determine whether it is psychotic depression?
Nihilistic delusions / delusions of guilt / Cotards syndrome
What is Cotards syndrome?
any one of a series of delusions that range from a belief that one has lost organs, blood, or body parts to insisting that one has lost one’s soul or is dead.
What is an important differential to consider in older patients who present with cognitive symptoms?
Psuedodementia - can be treated unlike real dementia
why is there an important distinction between unipolar and bipolar depression?
Unipolar depression - can use anti-depressants
Bipolar depression - appear to be mostly ineffective in acute bipolar depression and in prophylaxis and can cause acute manic/hypomanic episodes, worsen depressive symptoms over time
Which condition is characterised by : pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others, lack of empathy, bloated self-image, manipulative and impulsive behaviour?
Anti-Social
Which condition is characterised by : pervasive pattern of abrupt mood swings, instability in relationships, self-image, identity, behavior andaffect, often leading to self-harm and impulsivity.
Borderline
Which condition is characterised by pervasive pattern ofgrandiosity, need for admiration, and a perceived or real lack of empathy.
Narcisistic
What is Schizoid disorder?
lack of interest and detachment from social relationships, apathy, and restricted emotional expression.
What is Histrionic Disorder?
: pervasive pattern ofattention-seekingbehaviour and excessive emotions.
What are the similarities between Bipolar Affective Disorder and Borderline personality Disorder?
Rapid mood swings
Unstable interpersonal relationships
Impulsive sexual behaviour
Suicidality
What are some defining symptoms of Bipolar Affective Disorder?
Episodic
Runs in family; heritability +++
Grandiosity
Mood states typically less affected by environment
What are some defining symptoms of Borderline personality disorder?
Mood changes over course of hours/days rather than days/weeks
Poor self image
Fear of abandonment
Feelings of emptiness
Hx of self-harm
Hx of trauma/disrupted attachment
What are the similarities between BPAD and Schizophrenia
Hallucinations (present in 50% of mania & 10% of depression)
Cognitive impairment
Depression & Negative Symptoms of schizophrenia (apathy, lack of affect, low energy, and social isolation)
Schizoaffective shares features of both BPAD and schizophrenia
What is the key difference between BPAD and schizophrenia?
BPAD - Episodic hallucinations
Schizophrenia - Chronic hallucinations
What are the key similarities between ADHD and Bipolar Affective Disorder?
Hyperactivity
Increase impulsivity
Impaired concentration
Impairment of executive function
Abnormal working and short term memory
What is the effect of amphetamines of mania?
Worsens mania
