1b

Question 1

carbs contain what elements

Answer 1

CHO

Question 2

lipids and fats contain what elements

Answer 2

CHO

Question 3

nucleic acids and proteins contain what element that carbs and lipids dont

Answer 3

they contain N!! carbs and lipids dont have this

Question 4

carbs, lipids, nucleic acids and proteins are known as what

Answer 4

theyre known as metabolites

Question 5

what are amino acids in terms of proteins

Answer 5

amino acids are monomers of proteins

Question 6

what are proteins

Answer 6

biopolymers,, they have essential functions in all chemical processes in cells

theyre the most abundant biological macromolecule

Question 7

how do we know proteins are the most abundant biological molecule

Answer 7

bc when the cell dries up, protiens make up 50% of the dry mass

Question 8

how many total aa are there

Answer 8

700

Question 9

how many aa are the common ones in proteins

Answer 9

20

Question 10

22 amino acids vs 22,, which ones are the added ones

Answer 10

selenocysteine

pyrrolysive

Question 11

what do we mean by an amino acid

Answer 11

molecule with the amine (NH2)

and carboxyl group (COOH)

Question 12

what are aa used for in cells

Answer 12

used as energy metabolites,, essential nutrients and chemical messengers in communication between cells.

Question 13

type of aa that is used in communication between cells

Answer 13

GABA

NH3(+) 3 carbons,, COOH

Question 14

all proteinogenic amino acids are what type of amino acids

Answer 14

theyre alpha amino acids

Question 15

what does aa being alpha mean

Answer 15

they mean that the COOH , NH2, H and R group are all on one carbon!!!

this means that theres also a chiral centre for most of them

Question 16

parts of an aa and whats special about the groups

Answer 16

COOH
NH2
H (dashed)
R ( WEDGED)

R group differs in all the amin oacids

Question 17

if u swap from H being dashed and R being wedged to the R being sdashed and H being wedged,, what is the relationship between then

Answer 17

they would be enantiomers bc all the chiral centres changed

Question 18

what amino acid isnt a alpha aa

Answer 18

the proline one

bc theres a cyclic R goup meaning there isnt a H

Question 19

how do we assign amino acids

Answer 19

L and D

Question 20

L is what

Answer 20

levo rotatory

left

S enantiomer

Question 21

D is what

Answer 21

dextro rotatory
right
R enantiomer

Question 22

describe how we draw the aa to find its config

Answer 22

we do the fischer projection

litch just draw a black bow tie with NH2 on one side and H on the other side,, then put the COOH on the top and R on the bottom

then assign and do the rules.
normally when NH@ is on the LHS u get an L amino acids

Question 23

most amino acids have what classification

Answer 23

theyre an L

means they rotate plane polarised light to the LHS

Question 24

how do we classify natural amino acids

Answer 24

we classify them based on the R chain

Question 25

how do we classify the R chain of amino acids

Answer 25

based on itf theyre - non polar - polar uncharged - acidic - basic

Question 26

non polar aa : whats on the R group

Answer 26

hydrocarbon chain,, can have elements like S in it tho aromatics these are normally hydrophobic

Question 27

polar uncharged: what groups are the R groups

Answer 27

OH SH amides ( CO NH2) they can become charged in certain pH's. theyre hydrophilic bc theyre polar

Question 28

acidic amino acids: whats on the R group

Answer 28

COOH aka u have the original COOH and then added ones on the R groups they release H, making the amino acid (-)

Question 29

basic amno acids, whats on the R group

Answer 29

basic groups: NH2 they accept H's making the aa (+)

Question 30

non polar aa example

Answer 30

alanine valine

Question 31

polar but uncharged aa example

Answer 31

asparagene threomine

Question 32

acidic amino acid example

Answer 32

aspartic acid glutamic acid

Question 33

basic amino acid example

Answer 33

lysine arginine

Question 34

what does the function of a protein depend on

Answer 34

its structure

Question 35

what influcences the structure of a protein

Answer 35

the amino acid interactions so basically the amino acids a protein is made out of,, influences the proteins function and role

Question 36

ionic groups and water

Answer 36

hydrophilic both polar they interact favourably

Question 37

hydrophobic groups and water

Answer 37

non polar they try to avoid water