1B Flashcards
Diffusion
The movement of the particles in a liquid or gas down a concentration gradient from a area where they are at a relatively high concentration to an area where they are at a relatively Low concentration
Surface area to volume ratio
The relationship between the surface area of an organism and its volume
Vertebrates
Animals with a backbone
Mass transport system
An arrangement of structure by which substances are transported in the flow of a fluid with a mechanism for moving it around the body
Single circulation system
A circulation in which heart pumps the blood to the organs of gas exchange and the blood then travels in around the body before returning to the heart
Double circulation system
A circulation that involves two separate circuit one of the deoxygenated blood flowing from heart to the gas exchange organs to be oxygenated blood leaving the heart and flowing to the heart and one of the oxygenated blood leaving the heart and flowing around the body , returning as deoxygenated blood to the heart
Systemic circulation
Carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the cells of the body where oxygen is used and carries the deoxygenated blood back to the heart
Cardiovascular system
The mass transport system of the body made up of a series of Vessels with a pump ( the heart) to move through the vessel
Active transport
The movement of substance from low concentration to high concentration against the concentration gradient using ATP produced during respiration
Buffer
A solution which resists changes in pH
Leukocytes
White blood cells
Defending the body against pathogens and in the immune system
Platelets
Cell fragments involved in the clotting mechanism of the blood
Megakaryocytes
Large cells found in the bone marrow and produce platelets
Oxyhaemoglobin
The molecule formed when oxygen binds to haemoglobin
Carbaminohaemoglobin
The molecule formed when carbon dioxide combines with haemoglobin
Carbonic anhydrase
The enzyme that controls the rate of reaction between carbon dioxide and water to produce carbonic acid
Bohr effect
The name given to changes in the oxygen dissociation curve of haemoglobin that occur due to a rise in carbon dioxide levels and reduction of the affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen
Fetal haemoglobin
A form hadmoglobin found only in the developing fetus with a higher affinity for oxygen than adult haemoglobin
Serotonin
A chemical causes the smooth muscle of the blood vessel to contract narrowing them and cutting off the blood flow to the damaged area
Thromboplastin
An enzyme that sets in progress a cascade of events that leads to the formation of a blood clot
Prothrombin
A large soluble protein found in the plasma that is the precursor to an enzyme called thrombin
Fibrinogen
A soluble plasma protein which is nether Precursor of the insoluble protein fibrin
Fibrin
A insoluble protein formed from fibrinogen by the action of thrombin that forms a mesh of fibres that traps erythrocytes and platelets to forma. Flood clot
Cardiovascular diseases
Disease of the heart and circulatory system many of which is linked to atherosclerosis
Artherosclerosis
A condition in which yellow fatty deposits build up on the lining of arteries causing them to be narrowed and resulting in many different health problems
Plaque
Yellowish fatty deposits that form inside of the arteries in artheroschlerosis
Atheroma
Another term for plaque formed on the arterial lining
Aneurysm
A weakened bulging area of the artery wall that results from blood collecting behind a blockage caused by plaque
Angina
A condition in which plaque are deposited on the endothelium of the arteries and reduce the blood flow to the cardiac muscle through the coronary artery ; results in pain during exercise
Myocardial infarction (heart attack)
The events which takes place when artheroclerosis leads to formation of a clot that blocks the coronary arteries entirely and deprives the heart muscle of oxygen so it dies it can stop the heart functioning
Anaerobic respiration
Cellular respiration that takes place in the absence of oxygen
Stent
A metal or plastic mesh tube that is inserted into an artery affected by artheroclerosis to hold it open and allow blood to pass through freely
Thrombosis
A clot that forms in a blood vessel
Stroke
An event caused by an interruption to the normal blood supply to an area of the brain which may be due to bleeding from damaged capillaries or a black age cutting off blood supply to the brain usually caused by a blood clot
