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IAS Biology > 1A Chemistry For Biologist > Flashcards

1A Chemistry For Biologist Flashcards

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1
Q

Anion

A

A negative ion

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2
Q

Cation

A

A positive ion

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3
Q

Ionic bond

A

Bonds formed when atoms give or receive electrons they result in charged particles called ions

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4
Q

Covalent bond

A

Bonds formed when atoms share electrons ; covalent molecules may be polar if electrons are not shared equally

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5
Q

Dipole

A

The separation of charge in a molecule when the electrons in covalent bonds are not evenly shared

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6
Q

Polar molecule

A

A molecule containing a dipole

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7
Q

Dissociation

A

Splitting of a molecule into smaller molecules , atoms or ions especially by a reversible process

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8
Q

Hydrogen bonds

A

Weak electrostatic intermolecular bonds formed between polar molecule containing at least one hydrogen atoms

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9
Q

Monomer

A

A small molecule that is a single unit of larger molecule called a polymer

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10
Q

Polymer

A

A long chain of molecule made up of many smaller repeating monomers unit joined together by a chemical bonds

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11
Q

Macromolecule

A

A very large molecule often formed by polymerisation

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12
Q

Starch

A

A long chain polymer formed of glucose monomers

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13
Q

Sucrose

A

a sweet tasting disaccharide formed by joining of glucose and fructose by a 1,4-glycosidic bond

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14
Q

Monosaccharides

A

A single sugar molecule

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15
Q

Disaccharide

A

A sugar made up of two monosaccharides units joined by glycosidic bond formed in a condensation reaction

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16
Q

Polysaccharide

A

A polymer consisting of long chain of monosaccharides units joined by glycosidic bond

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17
Q

Triode sugar

A

A sugar with 3 carbon atoms

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18
Q

Pentode sugar

A

A sugar with 5 carbon atoms

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19
Q

Ribose

A

A pentode sugar that is part of structure of RNA

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20
Q

Deoxyribose

A

A pentode sugar that is a part of the structure of DNA

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21
Q

Deoxyribosnucleic acid (DNA)

A

Nuclei acid that is the genetic material in many organism

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22
Q

Ribonucleic acid RNA)

A

A nuclei acid which is the genetic material in some organism and is involved in protein synthesis

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23
Q

Hexose sugar

A

Sugar with 6 carbon atoms

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24
Q

Isomers

A

Molecules that have the same chemical formula but different molecular formula

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25
Q

Condensation reaction

A

A reaction in which a molecule of water is removed from reacting molecules as a bond is formed between them

26
Q

Glycosidic bond

A

A covelent bond formed between two monosaccharides in a condensation reaction which can be broken down by hydrolysis reaction to release monosaccharides units

27
Q

Reducing sugar

A

Sugar that reacts with blue Benedict solution and reduce copper (ii) ions to copper (I) ions-giving brick red precipitate

28
Q

Non reducing sugars

A

Sugars don’t react with Benedict solution

29
Q

Oliogosaccharides

A

Molecules with between 3 and 10 monosaccharides units

30
Q

Hydrolysis

A

A reaction in which bonds are broken by the addition of a molecule of water

31
Q

ATP

A

Adenosine triphosphate the molecule that acts as universal energy supply molecule in all cells

32
Q

Amylose

A

A complex carbohydrate containing only alpha glucose monomers joined by 1,4 glycosidic bonds so the molecules form long unbranched chains

33
Q

Amylopectin

A

A complex carbohydrate made up of alpha glucose monomers joined by 1,4 glycosidic bonds with some 1,6 glycosidic bonds so the molecules branch repeatedly

34
Q

Glycogen

A

A complex carbohydrate with many alpha glucose units joined by 1,4 glycosidic bonds with many 1,6 glycosidic bonds giving it many side branches

35
Q

Lipids

A

A large family of organic molecules that are important in cell membrane and as an energy store in many organisms; they include triglycerides, phospholipids and steroids

36
Q

Fatty acids

A

Organic acids with a long hydrocarbon chain

37
Q

Glycerol

A

Propane- 1,2,3 -triol an important component of triglycerides

38
Q

Ester bonds

A

Bonds formed in a condensation reaction between the carbonyl group (-COOH) of a fatty acid and one of the hydroxyl groups (-OH) of glycerol

39
Q

Saturated fatty acid

A

a fatty acid in which each carbon atom is joined to the one next to it in the hydrocarbon chain by a single covalent bond

40
Q

Unsaturated fatty acid

A

A fatty acid in which the Caron atoms in the hydrocarbon chain have one or more double covalent bonds in them

41
Q

Monounsaturated fatty acid

A

A fatty acid with only one double covalent bond between carbon atoms in the hydrogen chain

42
Q

Polyunsaturated fatty acid

A

A fatty acid with two or more double covalent bond between carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon chain

43
Q

Esterification

A

The process by which ester bonds are made

44
Q

Haemoglobin

A

A red pigment that carries oxygen and gives the erythrocytes their colour

45
Q

Amino acids

A

The building blocks of protein consisting of an amino group (NH2) and carbonyl group (-COOH) attached to a carbon atom and an R atom that varies between amino acid

46
Q

Peptide bond

A

The bond formed by condensation reactions amino acid

47
Q

Dipeptide

A

Two amino acid joined by a peptide bond

48
Q

Polypeptide

A

Long chain of amino acid joined by peptide bonds

49
Q

Disulfide bond

A

A strong covalent bond produced by an oxidation reaction between sulfur groups in cysteine or methionine molecules which are close together which are close together in the structure of a polypeptide

50
Q

Fibrous protein

A

Protein that have long parallel polypeptide chains with occasional cross linkage that produce fibres they have little tertiary structure

51
Q

Denaturation

A

The loss of the 3D shape of protein (eg caused by changes in temperature or pH)

52
Q

Collagen

A

A strong fibrous protein with a triple helix structure

53
Q

Globular protein

A

Large protein with complex tertiary and sometimes quaternary structure , folded into spherical (globular) shape

54
Q

Hydrophobic

A

A substance that tends to repel water and that will not mix with or dissolve in water

55
Q

Hydrophilic

A

A substance with an affinity for water that will readily dissolve in or mix with water

56
Q

Colloid

A

A suspension of molecule that are not fully dissolved

57
Q

Prosthetic group

A

The molecule incorporated in a conjugated protein

58
Q

Conjugated protein

A

Protein molecules joined with or conjugated to another molecule called a prosthetic group

59
Q

Lipoproteins

A

Conjugated protein with a lipid prosthetic group

60
Q

Glycoproteins

A

Conjugated protein with a carbohydrates prosthetic group

61
Q

Protease

A

Protein digesting enzyme

IAS Biology (3 decks)

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