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Anatomy Lecture > 1A Introduction and 1B Integumentary > Flashcards

1A Introduction and 1B Integumentary Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

Ana: apart
Tomy: cut

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2
Q

Dissect

A

Dis: apart
Sectare: cut

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3
Q

Cytology

A

Study of cells

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4
Q

Histology

A

Study of tissues

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5
Q

Gross anatomy

A

Study of structures visible with the naked eye

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6
Q

Surface Anatomy

A

Study of the surface structures

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7
Q

Developmental Anatomy (Embryology)

A

Development of the body prior to birth

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8
Q

Compartive Anatomy

A

Comparing human structure to that of other animals

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9
Q

Radiology

A

Use of radiation to visualize internal body structures

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10
Q

Anatomical Pathology

A

Study of tissue that departs from the normal and thus is DISEASED

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11
Q

Regional

Method of Study

A

According to the natural subdivisions of the body
ex: head, neck, thorax, abdomen

Not what we use

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12
Q

Systemic

Method of Study

A

According to the major body systems, collections of organs that perform related functions
ex: skeletal, muscular, respiratory

What we use

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13
Q

Cardiovascular/Circulatory

A

Structures:

  • Heart
  • Blood Vessels

Function:
-Transports nutrients and oxygen to cells, removes waste molecules that are excreted from the body

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14
Q

Lymphatic

A

Structures:
-Lymphatic vessels, nodes, supporting lymphocytes, and the lymphoid organs

Function:
-Protects body from disease by purifying fluid. Involves white blood cells that produce antibodies

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15
Q

Respiratory

A

Structures:

  • Lungs
  • Pharynx
  • Larynx
  • Trachea

Function:
-Conducts air, brings oxygen into the lungs, and takes carbon dioxide out

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16
Q

Digestive

A

Structures:
-Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gall bladder, pancreas

Function:
-Receives food and digests it into nutrient molecules, which enter the cells

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17
Q

Urinary

A

Structures:

  • Kidneys
  • Uterus
  • Bladder
  • Urethra

Function:
-Rids the body of nitrogenous wastes and helps regulate the fluid level and chemical content of the blood

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18
Q

Integumentary

A

Structure:
-Skin, hair, nails, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, subcutaneous tissue

Function:
-Provides support and protects underlying tissues, helps regulate body temperature, contains receptors

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19
Q

Skeletal

A

Structure:
-Bones of the skeleton

Function:
-Framework, movement of the body

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20
Q

Muscular

A

Structure:
-Muscles

Function:
-Movement of the body

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21
Q

Articular

A

Structure:
-Joints

Function:
-Movement of the body

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22
Q

Nervous

A

Structure:

  • Brain
  • Spinal cords,
  • Nerves

Function:
-Conducts nerve impulses to muscles and glands and receive impulses

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23
Q

Endocrine

A

Structures:

  • Hormones
  • Endocrine glands

Function:
-Secretes chemicals that serve as messengers between body parts, maintains proper functioning of reproductive organs

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24
Q

Reproductive

A

Structure:
- Reproductive organs

Function:
-Reproduction in process of copulation

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25
Anatomical Position
1. Body longitudinal 2. Upper limbs by side 3. Eyes directed forward 4. Palms directed forward 5. Toes directed forward
26
Median (Midsagittal) Plane
-1 vertical plane passing through the ody dividing it into EQUAL RIGHT and LEFT parts
27
Sagittal plane
Any vertical plane that parallels the median plane and divides the body into UNEQUAL RIGHT & LEFT parts
28
Frontal (coronal) plane
Any vertical plane at a right angle to the median lane that divides the body into FRONT & BACK parts
29
Horizontal (transverse) plane
Any plane at a right angle to both the median and frontal planes that divides the body into UPPER & LOWER parts
30
Anterior (ventral)
Nearer the front
31
Posterior (dorsal)
Nearer the back
32
Superior (cephalic)
Nearer the upper (head) end
33
Inferior (caudal)
Nearer the lower (tail) end
34
Proximal
Nearer the attached end of a limb *Shoulders are proximal to the elbow
35
Distal
Farther away from the attached end of a limb *Elbow is distal to the shoulder
36
Internal
Nearer the center of an ORGAN or cavity
37
External
Farther away from the center of an ORGAN or cavity
38
Superficial
Nearer the surface of the body
39
Deep
Farther away from the surface of the body
40
Supine Position
Lying on back, belly upward
41
Prone position
Lying on front, back upward
42
Skin
- largest organ in the body | - comprising 15% of the total weight of the body
43
Functions of skin
- Protection of the underlying tissues (barrier to UV light, bacteria, radiation, water) - Acts as a site of sensory reception (pain, heat, cold, touch, pressure) - Regulation of body temperature (erect hairs, sweat) - Salt excretion (sweat) 500mL each day - Formation of Vitamin D, which is essential for calcium absorption from the foods we eat
44
Layers of the skin
- Composed of the Epidermis and Dermis | - Both layers lie on an underlying layer: subcutaneous tissue
45
Thickest Skin
On the back | *1/2 a cm
46
Thinnest Skin
On the eyelid | *1/2 mm
47
Epidermis
- Outermost layer of skin - Composed of stratified squamous keratinized epithelium - It is avascular - Contains nerves and nerve endings - Have cells in the deepest layer that undergo mitosis and migrate to the outermost layers, where they become desiccated, convert to keratin, and eventually slough off - 20% of the thickness of skin
48
Cell birth --> slough
30 days | -Thus, epidermis is constantly being replaced
49
Melanocytes
- Deeper layers of epidermis | - Produce the dark pigment melanin
50
Melanin
Responsible for skin color | -protects the individual from the harmful effects of UV radiation
51
Epidermis Keratin
- The keratin is very thick on the palms and soles and forms papillary ridges - occur in characteristic patterns (fingerprints, toe prints)
52
Dermis
- The layer deep to the epidermis composed of a dense irregular connective tissue - Contains both blood vessels and nerves - 80% of the thickness of the skin - Has many collagen fibers, hair follicles, and sweat glands
53
Subcutaneous Tissue (Hypodermis)
- Lies deep to the dermis and is made of loose connective tissue with adipose (fat) cells - Blood vessels and nerves course through it on the way to the dermis
54
Adipose tissue
- In Subcutaneous Tissue - More abundant in females than in males - Provides insulation, conserves body temperature, and acts as a shock absorber
55
Hair follicles
Derived from the epidermis and growing down into the dermis and subcutaneous tissue 1. They contain hairs, which rom by papillae undergoing mitosis 2. When a follicle becomes inactive, the hair it produces becomes lost
56
Sebaceous Glands
Oil-producing glands that result from disintegration of some gland cells 1. A duct passes the oily secretion, called sebum into the neck of the hair follicle
57
Arrector Pilorus Muscles
Smooth muscles attached to the hair follicle and the dermal-epidermal junction 1. Contraction due to cold weather causes the hairs to stand erect and traps a layer of air within the hairs, which acts as an insulator to keep heat inside the body
58
Sweat glands
Have their secretion part in the dermis and their ducts passing through the epidermis to open at PORES on the skin surface
59
Sweat
Water and salt and cools the body as it evaporates
60
Nails
Protective structures of hard keratin located at the tops of fingers and toes

Anatomy Lecture (10 decks)

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