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Anatomy > 1A - Introduction > Flashcards

1A - Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

Biology

A

Study of living organisms

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2
Q

Physiology

A

Subdivision of biology that is concerned with the functioning of the body
- explains the chemical and physical processes

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3
Q

Anatomy

A

Subdivision of biology that is concerned with the form, structure or morphology of the body

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4
Q

Cytology

A

study of cells

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5
Q

Histology

A

study of tissues

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6
Q

Gross anatomy

A

study of structure visible to naked eye

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7
Q

Surface anatomy

A

Study of the surface structures

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8
Q

Developmental anatomy

A

Aka embryology; development prior to birth

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9
Q

Comparative anatomy

A

comparing human structure to animals

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10
Q

Radiology

A

Use of radiation to visualize internal body structure

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11
Q

Anatomical pathology

A

study of tissue that departs from the normal and thus is diseased

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12
Q

Cell

A

Smallest unit of living matter and the
characteristic building block of all plant and animal
tissue

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13
Q

Tissue

A

Collection of cells of similar structure and function

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14
Q

Organ

A

consists of two or more tissues blended in such a way as to form a structure, which can perform one function or related functions

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15
Q

Organ systems

A

Consists of one or more organs that act together in performing a major function of the body

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16
Q

Methods of study

A

Regional and Systemic

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17
Q

Regional method of study

A

natural subdivisions of the body including (9 total)

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18
Q

9 subdivisions of the body (regional)

A

Head: facial region and cranium, neck, thorax (chest), abdomen, pelvis, back (posterior aspect of thorax, abdomen and pelvis), trunk (combination of thorax, abdomen, pelvis and back), Upper limb (extremity): pectoral region, arm, forearm, and hand, Lower limb (extremity) gluteal region, thigh, leg and foot

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19
Q

Systemic method of study

A

According to the major body systems; collections of organs that perform related functions; 12 systems

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20
Q

What are the 12 organ systems?

A

Circulatory/cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, Integumentary, skeletal, muscular, articular, nervous, endocrine, and reproductive

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21
Q

Cardiovascular/circulatory (structure and function)

A

S: heart and blood vessels

F: transports nutrients and oxygen to the cells, removes waste molecules that are excreted from the body

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22
Q

Lymphatic (structure and function)

A

S: lymphatic vessels, nodes, supporting lymphocytes and lymphoid organs

F: protects body from disease by purifying fluid. Involves white blood cells that produce antibodies

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23
Q

Respiratory

A

S: lungs, pharynx, trachea, and larynx

F: conducts air, brings oxygen into lungs and takes CO@ out

24
Q

Digestive

A

S: mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gall bladder and pancreas

F: receives food and digests it into nutrient molecules which enter the cells

25
Q

Urinary

A

S: kidneys, uterus, bladder, urethra

F: rids the body of nitrogenous wastes and helps regulate the fluid level and chemical content of blood

26
Q

Integumentary

A

S: epidermis and dermis, skin, hair, nails, sebaceous glands, sweat glands and subcutaneous tissue

F: provides support and protects underlying tissues, helps regulate body temp, and contains receptors

27
Q

Skeletal

A

S: bones of skeleton

F: framework, movement of body

28
Q

Muscular

A

S: muscles

F: movement of body

29
Q

Articular (between bones)

A

S: joints

F: movement of body

30
Q

Nervous

A

S: brain, spinal cord, and nerves

F: conducts nerve impulses to muscles and glands and receive impulses

31
Q

Endocrine

A

S: hormones, endocrine glands

F: secretes chemicals that serve as messengers between body parts, maintains proper functioning of reproductive organs

32
Q

Reproductive

A

S: reproductive organs

F: reproduction

33
Q

Anatomical position

A
  1. body longitudinal
  2. upper limbs by side
  3. eyes directed forward
  4. Palms directed forward
  5. toes directed forward
34
Q

Median (midsagittal) plane

A

1 vertical plane passing through the body dividing it into equal left and right parts

35
Q

Sagittal plane

A

any vertical plane that parallels the median plane and divides the body into unequal left and right parts (infinity planes)

36
Q

Frontal (coronal) plane

A

any vertical plane that divides the body into front and back parts

37
Q

horizontal (transverse) plane

A

divides the upper and lower body

38
Q

Medial

A

Nearer the median plane. Example: the neck is medial to the shoulder

39
Q

Lateral

A

farther away from the median plane (the shoulder is lateral to the neck)

40
Q

Anterior (ventral)

A

nearer the front

41
Q

Posterior (dorsal)

A

nearer the back

42
Q

Superior (cephalic)

A

near the upper head end

43
Q

Inferior (caudal)

A

nearer the tail end

44
Q

Proximal

A

nearer the attached end of a limb (shoulder lies proximal to elbow)

45
Q

Distal

A

farther away from attached end of a limb (our elbow lies distal to shoulder)

46
Q

Internal

A

nearer the center of an organ or cavity

47
Q

External

A

Farther away from the center of an organ or cavity

48
Q

Superficial

A

nearer the surface of the body

49
Q

Deep

A

Farther away from the surface of the body

50
Q

Supine position

A

lying on back, belly up

51
Q

Prone position

A

lying on front, back up

52
Q

The following can be seen with the aid of a microscope

53
Q

When riding a bicycle, what plane are your lower extremities moving in?

54
Q

Choose the answer that includes the correct subdivisions of anatomy.

A

radiology, gross, surface, developmental

55
Q

Choose the correct statement in regards to the endocrine system.

A

It maintains proper functioning of reproductive organs.

Anatomy (3 decks)

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