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Structured Systems Analysis and Design > 1A Introduction > Flashcards

1A Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

Application software

A

Consists of programs that support day-to-day business functions and provide users with the information they need, such as email, word processores etc

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2
Q

Agile methods

A

Systems development methods that attempt to develop a system incrementally by building a series of prototypes and constantly adjusting them to user requirements. Related to adaptive methods.

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3
Q

Application lifecycle management (ALM)

A

Activities that cover the entire SDLC, including requirements, design, development, testing and deployment and management of software applications.

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4
Q

Artificial intelligence

A

The attempt to recreate natural intelligence through software in machines

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5
Q

B2B (business-to-business)

A

A commercial exchange between businesses, typically enabled by the Internet or electronic means.

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6
Q

B2C (business-to-consumer)

A

A commercial exchange between businesses and consumers conducted over the Internet.

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7
Q

Big data

A

Extremely large datasests requiring nontraditional approaches to deal with them.

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8
Q

Bring your own device (BYOD)

A

An equipment management model where employees are in charge of their devices at work, not the IT department. This includes device selection and setup, program installation and updating, and network connectivity.

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9
Q

Business model

A

A graphical representation of business functions that consist of business processes, such as sales, accounting and purchasing.

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10
Q

Business process

A

A description of specific events, tasks and desired results.

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11
Q

Business process model (BPM)

A

A graphical representation of one or more business processes.

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12
Q

Business process modeling notation (BPMN)

A

A standard set of shapes and symbols used to represent events, processes and workflows in computer-based modeling tools.

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13
Q

Business profile

A

A definition of a company’s overall functions, processes, organization, products, services, customers, suppliers, competitors, constraints and future direction.

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14
Q

Business rules

A

How a system handles data and produces useful information. Also called business logic, reflects the operational requirements of the business.

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15
Q

Business support systems

A

Provide job-related information support to users at all levels of a company.

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16
Q

CASE tools

A

Powerful software used in computer-aided systems engineering to help systems analysts develop and maintain information systems.

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17
Q

Class

A

A term used in object-oriented modeling to indicate a collection of similar objects.

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18
Q

Computer-aided software engineering

A

A technique that uses powerful programs called CASE tools to provide and overall framework for systems development. The tools support a wide variety of design methodologies, including structured analysis and object-oriented analysis.

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19
Q

Corporate culture

A

A set of beliefs, rules, traditions, values and attitudes that define a company and influence its way of doing business.

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20
Q

Data

A

The raw material or basic facts used by information systems.

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21
Q

Data center

A

A large concentration of networked computers working together.

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22
Q

Data flow diagram (DFD)

A

Graphical representation of the system, showing it stores, processes and transforms data into useful information.

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23
Q

Data science

A

Interdisciplinary field that blends computer science, maths and statistics, and business methods to analyze large datasets. Involves artificial intelligence, machine learning and predictive analytics and visualization techniques.

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24
Q

Deliverable

A

A polished, final product, suitable for its intended use. End products or deliverables often coincide with the completion of each SDLC phase.

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25
E-commerce
Transactions that occur on the Internet. (B2C and B2B)
26
Electronic data interchange (EDI)
A process that involves computer-to-computer transfer of data between companies.
27
Empowerment
A business practive that places more responsibility and accountability throughout all levels of an organization.
28
Enterprise applications
Company-wide applications, such as order processing systems, payroll systems, and company communications networks.
29
Enterprise computing
Information systems that support company-wide data management requirements, such as airline reservations or credit card billing systems.
30
Enterprise resource planning (ERP)
A process that established an enterprise-wide strategy for IT resources. ERP defines a specific architecture, including standards for data, processing, network and user interface design.
31
Feasibility study
An initial investigation to clearly identify the nature and scope of the business opportunity or problem.
32
Groupware
Programs that run on a network that enable users to share data, collaborate on projects and work in teams. Also called workgroup software.
33
Hardware
The physical layer of the information system, to include computers, networks, communications equipment and other technology-based infrastructure.
34
Help desk
A centralized resource staffed by IT professionals that provides useers with the support they need to do their jobs.
35
Horizontal system
A basic system, such as an inventory or payroll package, that is commonly used by a variety of companies.
36
Inference rules
Instructions that direct a knowledge management system to identify data patterns and relationships.
37
Information
Data that has been changed into a useful form of output.
38
Information system
A combination of information technology, people, and data to support business requirements. The five key components are hardware, software, data, processes and people.
39
Information technology
A combination of hardware, software and telecommunication systems that support business operations, improve productivity and help managers make decisions.
40
Integrated development environments (IDE)
An application for building other software applications. Typically includes a visual code editor, an integrated compiler, a debugger, a configuration management system and a test framework.
41
Iterative
An adaptive method typically uses a spiral development model, which builds on a series of iterations.
42
Knowledge base
A popular systems development technique that uses a group of users, managers and IT professionals who work together to gather information, discuss business needs and define the new system requirements.
43
Legacy system
An older system that is typically less technologically advanced than currently available systems.
44
Machine learning
An application of computer science and artificial intelligence that uses automated approaches to pattern recognition and predictive analytics based on large datasets.
45
Management information system (MIS)
A computer-based information system used in business planning, control, decision making and problem solving.
46
Mission-critical system
An information system that is vital to a company's operations.
47
Model-based systems engineering (MBSE)
An approach to systems engineering that relies on domain models, rather than traditional documents, to design large-scale systems and convey information between engineers.
48
Modeling
A process that produces a graphical representation of a concept or process that systems developers can analyze, test and modify.
49
Moore's law
A prediction that computing power would double every 18 to 24 months due to increased miniaturization of electronic components.
50
NoSQL databases
Database systems that use a flat, nontabular structure to store and process large-scale datasets.
51
Object
In object-oriented analysis or programming, an object represents a real person, place, event or transactions
52
Object-oriented analysis
The act of understanding an information system by identifying things called objects. An object represents a real person, place, event or transaction. Object-oriented analysis is a popular approach that sees a system from the viewpoint of the objects themselves as they function and interact with the system.
53
Personal digital assistant
A program that respons to user requests through a natural interface, such as regular speech, to provide assistance to general-purpose queries. Often embedded in devices such as Internet-connected speakers and smartphones.
54
Preliminary investigation
An initial analysis to clearly identify the nature and scope of the business opportunity or problem. Also called feasibility study.
55
Process
Procedure or task that users, managers and IT staff members perform. Also, the logical rules of a system that are applied to transform data into meaningful information. In data flow diagrams, a process receives input data and produces output that has a different content, form or both.
56
Product-oriented
Companies that manufacture computers, routers or microchips.
57
Project management
The process of planning, scheduling, monitoring, controlling and reporting upon the development of an information system.
58
Properties
In object-oriented analysis, characteristics that objects inherit from their class or possess on their own.
59
Prototype
An early, rapidly constructed working version of the proposed information system.
60
Radio frequency identification (RFID)
Technology that uses high-frequency radio waves to track physical objects.
61
Requirements engineering
Used in the systems planning phase of the SDLC. It involves using various fact-finding techniques, such as interviews, surveys, observation and sampling to descrive the current system and identify the requirements for the new system.
62
Scalable
The ability of a system to expand to meet new business requirements and volumes.
63
Service-oriented
A company that primarily offers information or services or sells goods produced by others.
64
Software
A program run by computers for a specific function or task.
65
Spiral model
A development model with a series of iterations or revisions, based on user feedback.
66
Stakeholder
Anyone who is affected by the company's performance, such as customers, employees, suppliers, stockholders, and members of the community.
67
Strategic plans
The long-range plans that define the corporate mission and goals. Typically defined by top management, with input from all levels.
68
Structured analysis
A traditional systems development technique that uses phases to plan, analyze, design, implement and support an information system. Processes and data are treated as seperate components.
69
Supply chain
A traditional systems development technique that uses phases to plan, analyze, design and support an information system. Processes and data are treated as seperate components.
70
Supply chain management (SCM)
The coordination, integration and management of materials, information and finances as they move from suppliers to customers, both within and between companies.
71
System
A set of related components that produces specific results.
72
System design specification
A document that presents the complete design for the new information system, along with detailed costs, staffing, and scheduling for completing the next SDLC phase, systems implementation.
73
System requirements document
A document that contains the requirements for the new system, describes the alternatives that were considered and makes a specific recommendation to management. The end product of the systems analysis phase.
74
System software
Programs that control the computer, including the operating system, device drivers that communicate with hardware and low-level utilities.
75
Systems analysis and design
The process of developing information systems that effectively use hardware, software, data, processes and people to support the company's business objectives.
76
Systems analysis phase
The second SDLC phase. The purpose of this phase is to build a logical model of the new system.
77
Systems analyst
A person who plans, analyzes, implements information systems. They may work internally within a company's IT department or be hired by a company as an independent consultant.
78
Systems design phase
The third SDLC phase. The purpose of systems design is to create a blueprint for the new system that will satisfy all documented requirements, whether the system is being developed in-house or purchased as package.
79
Systems development life-cycle (SDLC)
Activities and functions that systems developers typically perform, regardless of how those activities and functions fit into a particular methodology. The SDLC model includes 5 phases: systems planning, systems analysis, systems design, systems implementation and systems support and security.
80
Systems implementation phase
The fourth phase of the SDLC. During this phase, the new system is constructed - programs are written, tested and documented and the system installed.
81
Systems planning phase
The first phase of the SDLC. During this phase, the systems project gets started. The project proposal is evaluated to determine its feasibility. The project management plan is formulated with the help of CASE tools where appropriate.
82
Systems request
A formal request to the IT department that describes problems or desired changes in an information system or business process. It might propose enhancements for an existing system, the correction of problems, or the development of an entirely new system.
83
Systems support and security phase
The phase where the IT staff maintains, enhances and protects the system.
84
Technical support
Technical support is necessary to support the wide variety of IT systems and users. It includes six main functions: application development, systems support, user support, database administration, network administration and web support. These functions overlap considerably and often have differnet names in different companies.
85
Transaction processing systems
Operational systems used to process day-to-day recurring business transactions, such as customer billing.
86
User productivity systems
Applications that provide employees of all levels a wide array of tools to improve job performance.
87
Users
Stakeholders inside and outside the company who will interact with the system.
88
Vertical system
A system designed to meet the unique requirements of a specific business or industry, such as a web-based retailer or auto-supply store.
89
Waterfall model
The traditional model of software development. A graph that depicts the result of each SDLC phase flowing down into the next phase.

Structured Systems Analysis and Design (2 decks)

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