1A Intro Plant Physiology Flashcards
Also called plant functions
Plant Physiology
Dynamic processes that account for plant life which encompasses plant growth, metabolism, and reproduction
plant physiology
applied plant physiology involving the study of plant functions in genetically-similar community of plants, cultivated in a particular location
crop physiology
Importance of Plant Physiology
- Efficient use of _______
- Coping with _________ and ________ stresses
- Increasing crop yield through _______ ________ __________
- Improving ______ and ______ quality
a. nutrients
b. biotic, abiotic
c. plant growth regulators
d. food, feed
four phylum under Kingdom Plantae
Bryophytes, Ferns (Seedless vascular), Gymnosperms, Angiosperms
Which in the plant kingdom is the only nonvascular phylum?
Bryophytes
Which in the plant kingdom is the only haploid-dominated phylum?
Bryophytes
Which two phylum in the plant kingdom require water for fertilization?
Bryophytes, Seedless Vascular
How do gymnosperms and angiosperms fertilize?
pollination, pollen grains
Describe the seeds of each of the four Phylum under Kingdom Plantae
Bryophytes: seedless
Seedless Vascular: seedless
Gymnosperms: “naked” seeds, i.e. seed is outside the fruit
Angiosperms: Seeds inside ovary (later become fruit)
Give examples of Bryophytes
liverworts, mosses, hornworts
Give examples of Seedless vascular plants
whisk ferns, horsetails, ferns, club mosses, spike mosses
Give examples of Gymnosperms
gnetophytes, ginkgos, conifers, cycads
Give examples of Angiosperms
monocots, (eu)dicots, basal groups
Which between sporophyte and gametophyte is the haploid? diploid?
haploid: gametophyte
diploid: sporophyte
Rank the following in order of increasing gametophyte’s (haploid) importance:
ferns, gymnosperms, bryophytes, angiosperms, green alge
*note that gametophyte’s importance and sporophyte’s importance in a plant is inversely proportional
angiosperms < gymnosperms < ferns < bryophytes < green algae
note: the only time that green algae is a diploid is when it is a zygote
Four basic requirements of plant life?
light, CO2, water, minerals
Six unifying principles of plant life?
- Photoautotrophs
- Cellulosic cell wall
- non-motile
- mechanism to avoid desiccation (land plants)
- transport processes
- oxygen (produced by plants via photosynthesis)
what are the three plant cell types?
Parenchyma, Collenchyma, Sclerenchyma
Fill in the blanks
Parenchyma Cell
> the generic plant cell
most ___________ and ____________
functions: __________, which can be in the form of the flesh of fruit or in the roots and seeds; and ________ _____________
the ability to change and become other cells: ____________
________ at maturity
cell wall: ___________
- most abundant and versatile
- functions: storage, basic metabolism
- differentiation
- primary cell wall
Fill in the blanks
Collenchyma cells
> also called _______________
type of support: ______________
found in: ________________, _______, __________
where do they come from?
_________ at maturity
cell wall: __________, _________
example?
- glue cells
- flexible support
- found in growing shoots, stems, leaves
- differentiate from parenchyma cells
- alive at maturity
- primary and secondary cell walls
- example: resilient strings found in celery
Fill in the blanks
Sclerenchyma Cells
> _______ cells
function: support and strengthen ______________ ________ of a plant like mature stems
cell wall: __________
________ at maturity
- rigid cells
- support and strengthen non-extending regions of a plant
- thick, non-stretchable cell walls
- dead at maturity
Two types of sclerenchyma cells?
Fibers, Sclerids
Sclerenchyma cell type that are long, slender, and occur in strands
Fibers
