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Disease Dilemmas > 1a. Disease can be classified & their patterns mapped. The spread of disease is complex & influenced by multiple factors > Flashcards

1a. Disease can be classified & their patterns mapped. The spread of disease is complex & influenced by multiple factors Flashcards

1
Q

Infectious Disease

A

A disease that spreads via parasites, fungus, bacteria etc

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2
Q

Contagious Disease

A

A disease spread by direct/indirect contact between people

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3
Q

Communicable Disease

A

An infectious disease that spreads from host - host

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4
Q

Non-communicable disease

A

Non infectious disease that CAN’T be transmitted

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5
Q

Epidemic

A

An outbreak that spreads quickly through the population/geographical area

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6
Q

Endemic

A

A disease that exists permanently in a geographical area/group of people

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7
Q

Pandemic

A

An epidemic that spreads globally

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8
Q

Mortality

A

Rate of death in a population

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9
Q

Morbidity

A

Rate of disease in a population

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10
Q

Zoonotic disease

A

Disease transmitted from an animal to a human

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11
Q

Epidemiology

A

Method to find the causes of health outcomes and disease in populations

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12
Q

Public Health

A

All organised measures to prevent disease and promote health + prolong life

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13
Q

Opportunistic disease

A

Infections that occur often and thrive in people with weak immune systems

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14
Q

Vector

A

Living organism that transmits an infectious agent from one host to another

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15
Q

Immunisation

A

Process where a person becomes protected against a disease

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16
Q

Outbreak

A

Sudden occurrence of soemthing

17
Q

Eradication

A

Complete destruction of something

18
Q

Pharmaceutical

A

Refers to Medicines, drugs, their preparation, use or scale

19
Q

Pathogen

A

An organism that causes disease to its host

20
Q

How do diseases spread?

A
  • Touching
  • Sneezing
  • Travel
  • Food
  • Natural hazards
  • Migration
  • Water
  • Conflict
  • Displacement
  • Plague
21
Q

Ways to stop diseases spreading

A
  • Sanitation
  • Clean water sources
  • Restricted travel/ migration of people
  • Colder climates
  • Vaccines + medicines
  • Quarantine
22
Q

What facilities disease spreading?

A
  • Cliamte
  • Environment
  • QofL
  • Trade routes
  • Air travel/transport networks
  • Contaminated water
  • level of development
23
Q

Hagastrand Model

A

Primary stage = Only a few people have it

Secondary Stage = Rapid expansion as enough people have it

Condensation + saturation = Rate slows as people are dead or become immune

S - Shaped curve as cases increases via spreading but they then reach a plateau after the most susceptible people have caught it

24
Q

The Neighbourhood Effect

A

The probability of contracting a disease
- The proximity between people can determine the rate of spread of a disease

25
Q

Types of diffusion: Expansion

A

A disease has a source that allows it to spread outwards into new areas

Example: TB

26
Q

Types of diffusion: Relocation

A

A disease leaves the area of origin and moves into new spaces

Example: 2010 Cholera epidemic
- Disease spread from Nepal - Haiti via peacekeepers

27
Q

Types of diffusion: Hierarchical

A

A disease that spreads through an ordered sequence of places from large connected areas to smaller, isolated areas

Example: 2009 H1N1 pandemic
- Occurred due to international flights

28
Q

Types of diffusion: Contagious

A

Disease spreads through direct contact with carrier

29
Q

Types of diffusion: Network

A

A disease spreads via transportation + social networks

30
Q

Barriers to diffusion

A
  • Climate
  • Education e.g how to prevent infection
  • Political control e.g borders
  • Physical geography
  • Lockdowns
  • Physical barriers e.g. mountains, landlocked etc
31
Q

Global Distribution of disease: Malaria

A

Equator/central Africa:
- Hot, humid climate with high seasonal rainfall
- Land locked = water sources become stagnant = mosquito breeding grounds
- Poor
- lower standard of living
- Less access to healthcare
- Low literacy rates

32
Q

Global Distribution of disease: HIV

A

High rates in southern + Eastern Africa:
- Lack of education on how it spreads
- Fluid transmission via unprotected sex + sharing of needles
- Less access to sexual protection + healthcare facilities
- Commonly spread via gay men
- Prostitution is high

33
Q

Global Distribution of disease: TB

A

Rural Africa:
- Burning of fuelwood & Kerosene, peoples lungs are affected
- Made worse by lack of medical help available

  • Can be easily eradicated in advanced western countries
  • Affects LIDC’s
  • Vaccines available
34
Q

Global Distribution of disease: Diabetes

A

Common in AC’s:
- Increased access to to processed food + its cheap so attractive
- Higher disposable incomes
- Sugar tax = high sugar products more accessible in HIC’s due to higher incomes

35
Q

Global Distribution of disease: Cardio vascular

A

High rates in EDC’s:
- High pollution
- Industrial
- Healthcare + education isn’t as advanced compared with western countries
- life expectancy is increasing = increased opportunity to develop NCD’s

AC’s = lower sis due to increased healthcare & education around good lifestyles

Disease Dilemmas (11 decks)

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