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Biology > 1A Chemistry For Biologists > Flashcards

1A Chemistry For Biologists Flashcards

1
Q

Dipole

A

Separation of charge in a molecule where the electrons are not evenly shared

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2
Q

Hydrogen bonds

A

Weak electrostatic bonds created between polar molecules containing at least one hydrogen atom

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3
Q

Polymer

A

Long chain molecule made up of many smaller, repeating monomer units

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4
Q

Monosaccharide

A

Single sugar monomer

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5
Q

Disaccharide

A

Sugar made up of two monosaccharide units joined together by glycosidic bonds

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6
Q

Polysaccharide

A

Polymer made up of long chain molecules of monosaccharides joined together by glycosidic bonds

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7
Q

Isomers

A

Molecules that have the same chemical formula but different molecular structures

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8
Q

Condensation reaction

A

A reaction in which a water molecule is lost from the reacting molecules as a bond is formed between them

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9
Q

Glycosidic bond

A

A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides in a condensation reaction which can be broken down by a hydrolysis reaction

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10
Q

Hydrolysis

A

A reaction in which bonds are broken down by the addition of a water molecule

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11
Q

Amylose

A

An unbranched carbohydrate with multiple a-glucose monomer units that has only 1,4-glycosidic bonds and has slow hydrolysis.

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12
Q

Amylopectin

A

A branched carbohydrate with multiple a-glucose monomer units and has both 1,4 and 1,6-glycosidic bonds and has rapid hydrolysis

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13
Q

Glycogen

A

A branched carbohydrate that has multiple a-glucose monomer units and has both 1,4 and 1,6-glycosidic bonds and conducts rapid hydrolysis (chemically similar to amylopectin but longer)

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14
Q

Which atom in the water molecule is slightly more negative than the other?

A

Oxygen

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15
Q

Why is it called a 1,4-glycosidic bond

A

Because it occurs between the 1st carbon of one molecule and the 4th carbon of another molecule

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16
Q

Why is water described as a polar molecule?

A

The water molecule is dipole which means that the oxygen is slightly more negative compared to the hydrogen atoms which are more positive.

17
Q

Water has a high heat capacity. Explain why this makes water a good habitat for living organisms.

A

The large number of hydrogen bonds in water ensures that it takes a lot of energy to increase the temperature in water. The lack of fluctuation in the temperature provides a stable environment for living organisms.

18
Q

Suggest why glucose is soluble in water.

A

Since the glucose molecule is a polar substance it can form hydrogen bonds with water and dissolve in it. (Make sure glucose is the subject)

19
Q

Lipids

A

Organic molecules that are important in cell/membranes and as an energy store

20
Q

Ester bonds

A

Bonds formed in a condensation reaction between the carboxyl group (COOH) of a fatty acid and hydroxyl group (OH) of glycerol.

21
Q

Saturated fatty acids

A

Fatty acids which contain only single covalent bonds

22
Q

Unsaturated fatty acid

A

Fatty acids that contain at least one double covalent bond

23
Q

Triglyceride

A

1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids

24
Q

Esterification

A

The process by which ester bonds are made

25
Q

Haemoglobin

A

Red pigment that carries oxygen in erythrocytes

26
Q

Amino acids

A

The building blocks of proteins which consists of one amino group (NH3), one carboxyl group (COOH) and one R group which changes between amino acids.

27
Q

Peptide bond

A

The bond formed between amino acids through a condensation reaction

28
Q

Dipeptide

A

Two amino acids joined together by a peptide bond

29
Q

Polypeptide

A

Long chain of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds

30
Q

Disulfide bond

A

Strong covalent bond formed between to cysteine (sulfur containing) molecules through an oxidation reaction

31
Q

Fibrous protein

A

Proteins that have long, parallels polypeptide chains with occasional cross linkages, often have no tertiary structure (collagen), very strong and tough and are insoluble

32
Q

Desaturation

A

Loss of the 3D shape of a protein

33
Q

Collagen

A

Fibrous protein with a triple helix structure

34
Q

Globular proteins

A

Proteins that have a spherical shape and have complex tertiary and sometimes quaternary structures, can be hydrophilic (inside) or hydrophobic (outside)

35
Q

Prosthetic group

A

Molecule that combines with the protein in a conjugated protein

36
Q

Conjugated proteins

A

Protein molecules that join with another molecule referred to as the prosthetic group

37
Q

Lipoproteins

A

Conjugated proteins with a lipid prosthetic group

38
Q

Glycoproteins

A

Conjugated proteins with a carbohydrate prosthetic group

Biology (4 decks)

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