Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BRS 2 Neurology > 1a Central Nervous System > Flashcards

1a Central Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three sections of the brain called?

A

Forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does the diencephelon consist of?

A

Thalamus and hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the three compoents of the hind brain?

A

Cerebellum, pons and medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the four lobes called?

A

Frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the frontal lobe do?

A

Regulates motor function, language and cognitive function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the temporal lobe do?

A

Auditory information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the parietal lobe do?

A

Sensation, sensory aspects of language and spacial orientation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the occipital lobe do?

A

Processes visual information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Label this diagram

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where is the insular cortex?

A

Deep within the lateral fissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does the insular cortex do?

A

Visceral sensations
Autonomic control and interoception
Auditory processing
Visual vestibular integration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does the limbic lobe include?

A

The hippocamus, amygdala, mamillary body and cingulate cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the limbic lobe concerned with?

A

Learning, memory, emotion, motivation and reward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the two layers of the dura called?

A

Meningeal and periosteal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the three layers of the meninges called?

A

Dura, arachnoid and pia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which layer of the dura is present in the vertebral column?

A

Meningeal layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where is cerebrospinal fluid produced?

A

The choroid plexus of lateral, 3rd and 4th ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What reabsorbs the CSF and into where?

A

Arachnoid villi into superior sagittal sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is a ganglion?

A

A group of cell bodies of sensory neurones outside the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

At what levels does the spinal cord end?

A

L1/2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where do spinal nerves C1-7 emerge?

A

Above the corresponding vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where do spinal nerves C8 to S5 emerge>

A

Below the corresponding vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where does cervical enlargement start and end?

A

Starts at C3 level and ends at T1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the point of cervical enlargement between C3 and T1?

A

The cervical enlargement of the spinal cord is the source of the spinal nerves that contribute to the brachial plexus and supply the upper limbs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Where does the lumbar enlargement occur?
Extends between L1 and S2
26
what is the point of the lumbar enlargement?
Contains the spinal nerves which innervate the lower limbs
27
What do ascending tracts do?
Carry sensory information from the body to the CNS
28
How many cells thick is the pia mater layer of the meninges ?
2
29
Compare CSF to plasma?
CSF has a lower pH, less glucose, protein and potassium than plasma
30
What are the two main ascending pathways called?
Dorsal column and spinothalamic tract
31
What is the dorsal column for?
Fine touch, vibration and proprioception
32
Where does the dorsal column take information from?
The skin and joints
33
What is the spinothalamic tract for?
Pain, temperature and crude touch from the skin
34
What is the main descending pathway called?
Corticospinal tract
35
Which part of the spinothalamic tract is for crude touch?
Ventral spinothalamic
36
Where do most of the upper motor neurones originate in the corticospinal tract?
primary motor cortex or pre motor frontal areas
37
Where do lateral corticospinal neurones decussate?
Most in the medulla (85%)
38
What do lateral corticospinal tract neurones innervate?
limbs and digits
39
When do anterior corticospinal neurones decussate?
In the spinal cord at the level in which they exit
40
What do anterior ventral corticospinal tract neurones innervate?
The trunk, shoulder and neck muscles
41
What is the purpose of the corticobulbar tract?
Controls head, neck and spine
42
Which nuclei of cranial nerve are innervated by the corticobulbar tract?
5, 7, 9 and 12
43
What percentage of corticobulbar fibres decussate?
50%
44
What does the corticobulbar tract synpase with?
Motor cranial nerves in the brainstem
45
What are the lower motor neurones of the corticobulbar tract and what do they do?
Motor nuclei of the cranial nerves Carry efferent signals directly to the muscles of the face, head and neck
46
Information from the lower limbs and body travels ipsilaterally along which tract?
Gracile
47
Information from the upper limbs and body travels ipsilaterally along which tract?
Cuneate
48
Where do the gracile and cuneate tracts decussate?
Medulla
49
Where do second order neurones of the spinothalamic tract decussate?
they decussate immediately in the spinal cord
50
Where do 2nd and third oder neurones synpase?
The thalamus
51
Where do third order neurones from the thalamus project to?
The somatosensory cortex
52
After the dorsal pathway has crossed to the other side, what does it form?
The contralateral medial lemniscus tract
53
What is the place where first order neurones and second order neurones that come from the lower limbs synpase?
Nucleus gracilis
54
What is the place where first order neurones and second order neurones that come from the upper limbs synpase?At
nucleus cuneate
55
Where do anterior corticospinal tract neurones decussate?
At the level of the spinal cord where they exit
56
Which cranial nerves have their nuclei synapsed with at the midbrain level?
3,4,6
57
Which cranial nerves have their nuclei synapsed with at the pons level?
5 and 7
58
Which cranial nerves have their nuclei synapsed with at the medulla level?
9, 10, 11, 12
59
What medication is given to reduce jerky movements
Diazepam
60
Where do fibres enter into the dorsal column pathway from?
The dorsal horm
61
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?
31 pairs
62
What sulcus is found between the pre-central gyrus and post-central gyrus?
Central sulcus
63
Where are the upper and lower motor neurons for the corticospinal tract found?
Upper motor neurons - Primary Motor Cortex Lower motor neurons - Brainstem (medulla) and Spinal Cord
64
What does the vestibulospinal tract do?
Provides information about head movement and position and mediates postural adjustments
65
What does the tectospinal tract do?
Orientation of the head and neck during eye movements
66
What does the reticulospinal tract do?
Control of breathing and emotional motor function
67
What does the rubrospinal tract do?
Innervate lower motor neurons of the upper limb Only becomes functional after injury to corticospinal tract
68
Where would the first synapse be of the cuneate tract?
Cuneate nucleus
69
Which part of the spinothalamic tract takes information about crude touch?
Ventral spinothalmic tract
70
Outline the pathways of the anterior and lateral spinothalamic tracts
Primary afferent axons terminate upon entering the spinal cord Second order neurons decussate immediately in the spinal cord and form the spinothalamic tract 2nd order neurons terminate in the thalamus 3rd order neurons from the thalamus project to the somatosensory cortex
71
How much CSF is produced at any one time, and in any one day?
125ml at any one time and 500ml a day
72
Where is CSF produced?
In the choroid plexus of the lateral, 3rd and 4th ventricle
73
How many cervical pairs of nerves are there?
8 pairs of nerves
74
How many thoracic pairs of nerves are there?
12
75
How many lumbar pairs of nerves are there?
5
76
How many saccral pairs of nerves are there?
5
77
How many coccygeal pairs of nerves are there?
1
78
Where do spinal nerves exit from?
Intervertebral foramina
79
Where does C8 spinal nerve emerge from?
Below the C7 Vertabrae
80
After Spinal nerve C8, Where do the more inferior spinal nerves leave from?
Below the corresponding vertabrae eg T4 nerve emerges from below T4
81
Where is the pre-central gyrus found?
In front of the central sulcus
82
Where are the lower motor neurones of the corticspinal tract that innervate the head and neck muscles found?
In the brain stem
83
Where are the lower motor neurones of the corticospinal tract that innervate the trunk and limb muscles found?
In the spinal cord
84
What percentage of upper motor neurones in the corticospinal tract decussate in the medulla?
85% as this makes up the lateral corticospinal tract
85
What percentage of upper motor neurones in the corticospinal tract decussate in the spinal cord?
15%
86
Where is the insular cortex?
Deep within the lateral fissure

BRS 2 Neurology (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions