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Biology > 1A Biological Molecules > Flashcards

1A Biological Molecules Flashcards

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1
Q

What type of reaction forms polymers?

A

Condensation reactions

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2
Q

What type of reaction breaks down polymers into monomers

A

Hydrolysis reactions

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3
Q

Name the 3 monosaccharides

A

Glucose
Fructose
Galactose

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4
Q

What type of sugar is glucose

A

Hexose

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5
Q

What is an isomer

A

Molecules with same molecular formula, but with atoms arranged differently

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6
Q

What are the differences between alpha and beta glucose

A

Alpha has H over OH

Beta had OH over H

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7
Q

What bond forms between monosaccharides

A

Glycosidic

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8
Q

What are the 3 disaccharides and their monomers

A

Sucrose: glucose+fructose
Maltose: glucose+glucose
Lactose: glucose+galactose

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9
Q

What food test tests for sugars?

A

Benedicts test

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10
Q

Which disaccharide(s) are non-reducing

A

Sucrose

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11
Q

Explain the method of the Benedicts test for reducing sugars.

A

1) Add benedicts reagent to a sample
2) Heat in a water bath
3) Coloured precipitate indicates a positive result

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12
Q

Explain the method of the benedicts test for non reducing sugars

A

1) Create a new sample of the test solution
2) Add Hydrochloric Acid
3) Boil
4) Neutralise solution with sodium carbonate
5) Add benedicts reagent
6) Heat in water bath
7) Coloured precipitate indicates positive result

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13
Q

What are the 3 polysaccharides and what glucose isomer are they made up of.

A

Starch: alpha
Glycogen: alpha
Cellulose: beta

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14
Q

What is the structure of starch

A

Amylose: coiled, compact
Amylopectin: branched, easily accessible

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15
Q

Describe the structure of glycogen

A

Long, highly branched molecule made up of alpha glucose.

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16
Q

Explain cellulose structure

A

Long, unbranched molecule made of beta glucose. Make up microfibrils that are held together with Hydrogen bonds

17
Q

What does iodine test for and explain the method

A

Starch

Add iodine to sample, a blue-black colour indicates a positive result

18
Q

Explain triglyceride structure

A

3 fatty acids that bond to a glycerol backbone via ester bonds

19
Q

Explain phospholipid structure

A

Glycerol backbone with 1 phosphate group and 2 fatty acids

20
Q

What are the roles of lipids

A

Protection
Energy
Insulation

21
Q

What tissue are lipids stored in

A

Adipose

22
Q

What test is used to test for lipids and what is the method?

A 
Emulsion test
Add ethanol to solution
Add water
Stir or shake
Cloudy, milk white emulsion indicates a positive result
23
Q

What bonds join amino acids together?

A

Peptide

Biology (2 decks)

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