1A Biological Molecules Flashcards
What type of reaction forms polymers?
Condensation reactions
What type of reaction breaks down polymers into monomers
Hydrolysis reactions
Name the 3 monosaccharides
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
What type of sugar is glucose
Hexose
What is an isomer
Molecules with same molecular formula, but with atoms arranged differently
What are the differences between alpha and beta glucose
Alpha has H over OH
Beta had OH over H
What bond forms between monosaccharides
Glycosidic
What are the 3 disaccharides and their monomers
Sucrose: glucose+fructose
Maltose: glucose+glucose
Lactose: glucose+galactose
What food test tests for sugars?
Benedicts test
Which disaccharide(s) are non-reducing
Sucrose
Explain the method of the Benedicts test for reducing sugars.
1) Add benedicts reagent to a sample
2) Heat in a water bath
3) Coloured precipitate indicates a positive result
Explain the method of the benedicts test for non reducing sugars
1) Create a new sample of the test solution
2) Add Hydrochloric Acid
3) Boil
4) Neutralise solution with sodium carbonate
5) Add benedicts reagent
6) Heat in water bath
7) Coloured precipitate indicates positive result
What are the 3 polysaccharides and what glucose isomer are they made up of.
Starch: alpha
Glycogen: alpha
Cellulose: beta
What is the structure of starch
Amylose: coiled, compact
Amylopectin: branched, easily accessible
Describe the structure of glycogen
Long, highly branched molecule made up of alpha glucose.
Explain cellulose structure
Long, unbranched molecule made of beta glucose. Make up microfibrils that are held together with Hydrogen bonds
What does iodine test for and explain the method
Starch
Add iodine to sample, a blue-black colour indicates a positive result
Explain triglyceride structure
3 fatty acids that bond to a glycerol backbone via ester bonds
Explain phospholipid structure
Glycerol backbone with 1 phosphate group and 2 fatty acids
What are the roles of lipids
Protection
Energy
Insulation
What tissue are lipids stored in
Adipose
What test is used to test for lipids and what is the method?
Emulsion test Add ethanol to solution Add water Stir or shake Cloudy, milk white emulsion indicates a positive result
What bonds join amino acids together?
Peptide