1B More Biological Molecules

Question 1

Explain the process of DNA replication

Answer 1

1. Cell reaches interphase
2. Double Helix unwinds
3. Double strand is “unzipped” using the enzyme DNA Helicase
4. Free nucleotides bond to their complimentary bases on both strands.
5. DNA polymerase forms phosphodiester bonds between the phosphate and sugars of consecutive nucleotides, creating a sugar phosphate backbone.
6. Identical DNA strand is formed.
7. DNA now in sister chromatids.

Question 2

Which bases are double ring, and which bases are single ring?

Answer 2

Single:
          -Adenine 
          -Guanine 
Double:
          -Cytosine
          -Thymine

Question 3

How many Hydrogen bonds are there between A-T and G-C?

Answer 3

A-T: 2 Hydrogen Bonds

G-C: 3 Hydrogen Bonds

Question 4

Explain nucleotide structure

Answer 4

Phosphate group bound to a pentose sugar bound to a base.

Question 5

Name the properties of water.

Answer 5

1. Polar molecule making it have a high solubility
2. High heat capacity, it takes a large amount of energy to change its temperature, can withstand extreme environments with minimal effect in internal bodily temperature
3. Cohesiveness, cohesion tension theory
4. High latent heat, a lot of heat is removed from body during transpiration or perspiration
5. Metabolite, it is vital to metabolic reactions

Question 6

Explain ATP structure

Answer 6

Adenine bonded to a ribose sugar bonded to 3 phosphate groups.