1a - applied anatomy and physiology Flashcards
What are the functions of the skeletal system?
- Support
- Protection
- Movement
- Structure and points of attachment
- Mineral storage
- Production of blood cells in bone marrow
What are flat bones and some examples?
Flat bones main role is to protect vital organs.
E.g. Scapula, sternum, cranium
What are long bones and some examples?
They help to assist large movements and are in the arms and legs.
E.g. Humerus, Femur, Radius and Ulna
What are short bones and some examples?
Short bones allow small and concise movements
E.g. Phalanges
What are the bones in the hand called?
Carpals, metacarpals and phalanges
What are the bones in the feet called?
Talus, Tarsals, metatarsals and phalanges
What are the bones in the lower leg?
Patella, tibia (shin) and fibula
What are the components of a synovial joint?
Cartilage (shock absorber)
Synovial fluid
Synovial membrane
Capsule
Bursae (bags of synovial fluid to reduce friction)
What connects muscle to bone?
A tendon
What connects bone to bone?
Ligament
What are the 2 main types of joint?
Hinge - only allows flexion and extension
E.g. elbow and knee joints
Ball and socket - allows many movements
E.g. shoulder and hip joints
What is flexion?
Angle between bones reduces
What is extension?
When the angle between bones increases
What is abduction?
A movement away from the body
What is adduction?
A movement towards the body
