1A

Question 1

___, ___, and ___ Satellite communication (SATCOM) terminals are what keeps the military connected to the cyberspace domain and to each other in challenging environments.

Answer 1

UHF
SHF
EHF

Question 2

___ possess a complex suite of equipment, intended to pass tactical information thousands of miles away, and can be located on the ground, in the air or on a ship; thus, the margin of error for terminals is slim-to-none.

Answer 2

Terminals

Question 3

Used for transmitting and receiving microwave frequencies to and from space is comprised of a parabolic dish of some varying size.

Answer 3

Reflector

Question 4

Using a ___ shape results in a much higher gain than other
antennas, which is useful when we are trying to capture as much downlink signal as possible.

Answer 4

parabolic

Question 5

The size of the parabolic reflector is ___ ___ to the frequency that is being used, thus a dish’s gain can vary with different frequencies.

Answer 5

inversely proportionate

Question 6

Is a horn antenna that offers conveying of signals to-and-from the dish, often attached to waveguides.

Answer 6

Feed Horn

Question 7

The general purpose of a feed horn is to…?

Answer 7

deliver signals between the transmitter/receiver and the parabolic dish.

Question 8

The feed horn is also capable of adjusting for different types of ___.

Answer 8

polarization

Question 9

During linear polarization, the feed horn can be adjusted…?

Answer 9

horizontal or vertical polarization

Question 10

During circular polarization, the feed horn can be adjusted to…?

Answer 10

either right hand polarized or left hand polarized.

Question 11

Feed horns are specific to their ___. If you are switching from X-band to Ka-band, you must also switch out the feed horn to match.

Answer 11

band

Question 12

In the case of satellite communications, its job is to convert the digital data to usable electromagnetic waves during transmit, and vice versa during receive.

Answer 12

Modem

Question 13

During transmit operations, the Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) (computer, server, etc.) sends information to the modem to be delivered. This information will be in a digital format and is known as ___.

Answer 13

baseband

Question 14

Attributes that assist the modem with successfully working are:

Answer 14

1. Forward Error Correction (FEC)
2. Scrambling
3. Data Interfaces
4. Access Methods

Question 15

Assists with the sub-optimal signal-to-noise level often received at the modem. ___ works by adding an artificial redundancy to a data stream and uses this redundancy to fix errors caused by noise and interference.

Answer 15

FEC

Question 16

Multiple copies of the message are sent to the distant end. The receiving end will take the multiple copies and recreate a more error free message. There are multiple FEC rates to choose from based on your modems capabilities. The FEC rate will determine the number of copies to be sent. Some rates used today are 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, and 7/8. The ___ number indicates how many copies are sent and which copy is to be used as the correction copy.

Answer 16

second

Question 17

Multiple copies of the message are sent to the distant end. The receiving end will take the multiple copies and recreate a more error free message. There are multiple FEC rates to choose from based on your modems capabilities. The FEC rate will determine the number of copies to be sent. Some rates used today are ___. The second number indicates how many copies are sent and which copy is to be used as the correction copy.

Answer 17

1/2, 2/3, 3/4, and 7/8

Question 18

Some modems can obfuscate analog data streams which makes it difficult to read without the proper key at the receiver. This process is called…?

Answer 18

Scrambling

Question 19

___ only randomizes data whereas ___ uses mathematical algorithms to protect information using either a pre-shared key or a public/private relationship.

Answer 19

Scrambling
Encryption

Question 20

An important distinction when passing information is the medium in which it’s transmitted/received to the Data Terminal Equipment. Modems can house different connections such as RS-232, RS-422, HSSI, EIA-530, and Ethernet.

Answer 20

Data Interfaces

Question 21

There multiple methods we can use to efficiently use a
satellite’s bandwidth capacity. We mainly use Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), and Demand Assigned Multiple Access (DAMA). Typically, modems are designed to use only one access method. However, more modern modems can use multiple ___ ___
.

Answer 21

Access Methods

Question 22

In order to successfully connect to a communications satellite, we need to have a medium in which to pass signals throughout our terminal. More often than not, this is accomplished using…?

Answer 22

coaxial cables

Question 23

Due to its ___ ___ ___ ___ (also called a braided shield in Figure 1-2), the inner conductor of a coaxial cable (also known as center conductor) is less vulnerable to electromagnetic interference (EMI) which is ideal for most environments.

Answer 23

grounded outer conducting shield