1A Flashcards
A switch is ______-_____ and utilizes Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) to help them make filtering decisions.
hardware based
What does ASIC stand for?
Application Specific Integrated Circuits
Switches may contain a few or hundreds of _______.
ports
________ are used for workgroup connectivity and network segmentation and are a general connectivity component
(aggregation point) that connects local area network (LAN) components, such as computers, printers, and switches, together.
Switches
A general connectivity component is also known as what?
Aggregation point
Switches move frames of information at the ____ ____ Layer of the (OSI) model by reading the MAC address from the host’s network interface card.
Data Link
What does OSI stand for?
Open Systems Interconnection
While Layer 2 Ethernet switches operate at Data-Link Layer of the OSI model, _________ switches perform functions across multiple layers of the OSI model.
Multilayer
The scope of this textbook is limited to discussing the Layer 2 switch. There are, however, switches that combine Layer 2 switching and
Layer 3 routing functions. They are known as _____ __ ______.
Layer 3 switches
Remember, switching is always a Layer __ function, and routing is always a Layer 3 function.
2
A switch is a device used in a computer network to ________ connect devices.
physically
Multiple ______ can be connected to a switch to enable networked devices to communicate with each other.
cables
Switches manage the flow of data across a network by doing what?
By only transmitting a received message to the device for
which the message was intended.
Each networked device connected to a switch can be identified
using a 48-bit unique identifier called a ___ _______.
MAC address
The MAC address allows the switch to regulate traffic flow. This maximizes _______, minimizes _______ required, and improves ______
efficiency.
Maximizes security, minimizes bandwidth required, and improves network efficiency.
Because of these features, a switch is often considered more “intelligent” than a ________ ______.
network hub
Hubs provide neither security nor identification of connected devices. This means that messages sent to hubs have to be transmitted out of _____ _____ of the hub.
every port
Switches; however, break up the network into _____ _______.
collision domains
Each port on a switch is a collision domain because the port does not share _________ with other devices.
bandwidth
What does “LAN” stand for?
Local Area Network
What is a collision domain?
When devices share the same bandwidth
Ports are also sometimes referred to as?
Network interfaces
Switches performance is based on what five things?
Hardware-based bridging (MAC), wire speed, low latency, low cost, and broadcast control
By using ASICs, switches learn and form multiple internal connections to pass or filter traffic.
Hardware-based bridging (MAC)
Can be configured to the media (cable) speed. As an example, if you have 100 Mbps Ethernet connections, you can set the speed to 100 Mbps.
Wire speed
Indicates that the switch can receive, process, and apply an update in minimum time thereby resuming traffic flow quickly. In other words, switches are fast. They process data very quickly; there is little lag on the network.
Low Latency
Relatively inexpensive when compared to the number of ports a single switch can have. We can use the phrase ‘____ ____ high port density’.
low cost
Can segment a network into smaller broadcast domains if used with virtual Local Area Networks (VLANs). Without VLAN’s, broadcasts are not filtered until they get to a Layer 3 device.
Broadcast Control
We identify the switch components into two broad categories - which are?
External components and internal components
Switches analyze incoming frames to determine if the incoming data needs to be transmitted to another _______ of the network or ______ out all ports except the original incoming port.
segment (a port)
flooded (broadcast)
What are the two switch external components?
Console Port and Network Interfaces
All networking devices have a _____ _____ for initial configuration.
console port
As the administrator, you will connect to the switch via a _____/____ cable.
console/rollover cable
DoD policy states the console port must be _______ ________ to prevent unauthorized changes because this local access only requires physical presence.
password protected
The following describes what external switch component?
Allows direct local access to configure a switch using a dumb terminal or a computer running terminal emulation software (hyper terminal or PuTTY) for initial configuring of a “blank” switch.
Console port
Here is where end devices such as computers or printers are connected.
Network Interfaces
Exactly how many network interfaces can there be on a switch?
The number of interfaces can vary and more can also be added through plug-in modules depending on the model.
What external switch component can do the following?
Can be used test connectivity (Ping), which is useful for troubleshooting faulty networks.
network interfaces
What does “ping” do?
test connectivity
Remember, switches use MAC addresses to make
_____/____ decisions with Layer 2 Frames.
Forward/Filter
Why would an administrator assign an IP address to a switch?
If the administrator assigns an IP (logical) address to the switch, switches can accept an incoming Telnet connection over any of its network interfaces. This connection is used for remote management of a switch (configuration changes). The IP address is only needed to establish the connection for logging into the switch for configuration changes only.
What are the four minimum internal components required to make up a switch?
Flash memory, ROM, RAM and NVRAM
What internal switch component is the following describing?
is where the operating system (OS) is saved. Every time that the switch boots up, the _____ ______ will be accessed to load the OS into the running memory.
Flash Memory
What internal switch component is the following describing?
will contain information like the diagnostic and boot up routines, this is the burned in memory that cannot be accessed or changed.
ROM
What internal switch component is the following describing?
is the running memory that the switch uses for all of it operations, when we make configuration changes on the switch it is stored here in a file called ‘running-configuration’.
RAM
What internal component is the following describing?
is what we will access to save our startup configuration, along with other pieces of information that need long-term storage in the switch. The ‘startup-configuration’ file is loaded to the RAM upon boot up and becomes the running configuration with the entire configuration specific to that switch.
NVRAM
