1_Prelims Flashcards
The best approach for investigating the cause of phenomena
Experiment
A major objective of this approach is generalizing results from a sample to a larger group of people
Survey
Investigators using this approach attempt to gain an in-depth understanding by observing people in their natural settings
Qualitative Research
With this approach, the researcher analyzes information produced by others
Use of existing data
Scientific inquiry consists of the constant interplay between _____ and data.
Theory
Scientist use this form of reasoning when they show how hypotheses follow logically from theory.
Deductive logic
A claim about behavior that is not based on the scientific method.
Subjective judgement
A relationship among phenomena that is inferred from data
Empirical pattern
In this form of reasoning, scientists draw conclusions that go beyond the evidence
Inductive logic
Scientific inquiry consists of the constant interplay between ____ and data.
theory
A testable relationship that is less abstract than a theory
hypothesis
Scientists gain a clear picture of the factors that produce a phenomenon by exercising ______ over the conditions under which they make observations
Control
Asks about the meaning and cultural significance of people’s actions
Qualitative research question
Measures the strength of the association between two quantitative variables
correlation coefficient
Tests of ______ indicate whether an association between variables is likely to have occurred by chance
Statistical significance
In Broh’s study of sports participation and grades, a student’s race and sex are examples of this type of variables.
antecedent variable
Asks about the relationship between two or more variables
quantitative research question
Examples in psychology are individual people, families, schools, nations, and artifacts such as newspapers and books
unit of analysis
A variable that the researcher tries to explain or predict
dependent variable
It is hypothesized that women drink less than men. Sex is the ____ variable
independent variable
One object of research design is to identify and control as many of these variables as possible
extraneous variables
Directs researchers to consider participants’ welfare by maximizing the benefits and minimizing the possible harms of research
beneficence
Ethical issue arises when researchers withhold information from participants or when participants are intentionally misinformed about an aspect of the research
deception
The benefits and burdens of research should be fairly distributed
justice