Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

expe prelims to finals > 1_Prelims > Flashcards

1_Prelims Flashcards

1
Q

The best approach for investigating the cause of phenomena

A

Experiment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A major objective of this approach is generalizing results from a sample to a larger group of people

A

Survey

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Investigators using this approach attempt to gain an in-depth understanding by observing people in their natural settings

A

Qualitative Research

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

With this approach, the researcher analyzes information produced by others

A

Use of existing data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Scientific inquiry consists of the constant interplay between _____ and data.

A

Theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Scientist use this form of reasoning when they show how hypotheses follow logically from theory.

A

Deductive logic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A claim about behavior that is not based on the scientific method.

A

Subjective judgement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A relationship among phenomena that is inferred from data

A

Empirical pattern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

In this form of reasoning, scientists draw conclusions that go beyond the evidence

A

Inductive logic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Scientific inquiry consists of the constant interplay between ____ and data.

A

theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A testable relationship that is less abstract than a theory

A

hypothesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Scientists gain a clear picture of the factors that produce a phenomenon by exercising ______ over the conditions under which they make observations

A

Control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Asks about the meaning and cultural significance of people’s actions

A

Qualitative research question

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Measures the strength of the association between two quantitative variables

A

correlation coefficient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Tests of ______ indicate whether an association between variables is likely to have occurred by chance

A

Statistical significance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

In Broh’s study of sports participation and grades, a student’s race and sex are examples of this type of variables.

A

antecedent variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Asks about the relationship between two or more variables

A

quantitative research question

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Examples in psychology are individual people, families, schools, nations, and artifacts such as newspapers and books

A

unit of analysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

A variable that the researcher tries to explain or predict

A

dependent variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

It is hypothesized that women drink less than men. Sex is the ____ variable

A

independent variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

One object of research design is to identify and control as many of these variables as possible

A

extraneous variables

22
Q

Directs researchers to consider participants’ welfare by maximizing the benefits and minimizing the possible harms of research

A

beneficence

23
Q

Ethical issue arises when researchers withhold information from participants or when participants are intentionally misinformed about an aspect of the research

A

deception

24
Q

The benefits and burdens of research should be fairly distributed

A

justice

25
Q

The Belmont principle that underlies the ethical requirement of informed consent

A

Respect for persons

26
Q

An essential procedure in studies involving deception that serves methodological and educational purposes

A

Debriefing

27
Q

Secures research participants’ right to privacy

A

Anonymity

28
Q

When the the harm or discomfort participants may experience in the research is not greater than what they may experience in their daily lives

A

minimal risk

29
Q

In field research, this may be safeguarded by using fictitious names for individuals, groups, and locations.

A

confidentiality

30
Q

A code for maintaining scientific integrity

A

APA Ethical principle

31
Q

Evidence that alternative measures of a concept produce the same results

A

Convergent validation

32
Q

Requires a pattern of findings consistent with theoretical predictions

A

Construct validation

33
Q

A form of reliability assessment applied to scales and indexes

A

internal consistency

34
Q

Reliability is necessary but not sufficient condition for ___.

A

Validity

35
Q

Pertains to the question: Does an operational definition produce consistent results?

A

Reliability

36
Q

Measuring the length of residence by asking “How many years have you lived at your present address?” constitutes ___ levels of measurement.

A

Ratio

37
Q

Measuring a person’s social class as lower, working, middle or upper is an example of ____ level of measurement

A

Ordinal

38
Q

Variables measured at this level include gender, race, and religious affiliation

A

Nominal

39
Q

The detailed description of the procedures used to measure a concept or variable

A

operationalization

40
Q

Identifying the dimensions of a concept is one aspect of ______

A

conceptualization

41
Q

A psychologist attending a convention are asked as they enter the convention hall whether they belong to more than one national psychology association

A

Convenience sample

42
Q

Its effectiveness depends on the knowledge and skill of the researcher in selecting cases

A

Purposive sampling

43
Q

Assumes that the members of the target population know one another

A

Snowball sampling

44
Q

This type of sampling design may be either proportionate or disproportionate

A

Stratified random sampling

45
Q

The main purpose of this probability sampling design is to reduce the cost of data collection

A

multistage cluster sampling

46
Q

The set of all cases of interest such as all the students on your campus for a survey done to determine students attitudes toward the campus computing facilities

A

Population

47
Q

With this process, each case has a known probability of being included in the sample

A

Random sampling

48
Q

The value decreases as the sample increases

A

sample error

49
Q

An operational definition of a population that provides a basis for drawing a sample

A

sampling frame

50
Q

The researcher plans to survey all the hospitalized adults in Iloilo city

A

Target population

expe prelims to finals (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions