1_Intro Flashcards
What does a library, book, medical journal and google have in common?
information
The underlying theme in health care’s evolution is the use of _________ to enhance care
use of computers and technology
A field of information science concerned with the analysis, use and dissemination of medical data and information through the application of computers to various aspects of health care and medicine. (Hohmeier & White, 2015)
medical informatics
medical informatics is the field of information science concerned with the _________________ of medical data and information through the application of computers to various aspects of health care and medicine. (Hohmeier & White, 2015)
analysis, use and dissemination
The use of information science and technology to advance medical knowledge and improve quality of care and health system performance. (AMIA)
Medical Informatics
The rapidly developing scientific field that deals with resources, devices, and formalized methods for optimizing the storage, retrieval, and management of medical information for problem solving and decision making. (AAMC)
Medical Informatics
Enhancing care while utilizing rapidly DEVELOPING scientific field
Medical Informatics
Provide services using computer and technology
Medical Informatics
medical informatics provides services using _________
computer and technology
The use and integration of data, information, knowledge, technology, and automation in the medication use process for the purpose of improving health outcome.
Pharmacy Informatics
Pharmacy informatics encompasses all aspects of ____________
medication management.
3 things incorporated in pharmacy informatics
- Basic pharmaceutical sciences
- Pharmaceutical technology and management
- Clinical pharmacy practice
involves pharmaceutical chemistry, pharmacogenomics, pharmacokinetics
Basic pharmaceutical sciences
involves pharmaceutics, pharmacoeconomics)
Pharmaceutical technology and management
involves therapeutics, patient counseling, drug information
Clinical pharmacy practice
under Basic pharmaceutical sciences; involves the study of things like SARs
pharmaceutical chemistry
under Basic pharmaceutical sciences; considers family genes and its effect on the prominence of a disease
pharmacogenomics
under Basic pharmaceutical sciences; what the body does to the drug
pharmacokinetics
under Pharmaceutical technology and management; involves Development of different dosage forms
pharmaceutics
under Pharmaceutical technology and management; consideration of patients’ financial capability
pharmacoeconomics
under Clinical pharmacy practice; involves Identifying the right treatment or ideal drug for patient
therapeutics
drug information may be ________ or developed for a given patient population.
patient-specific
examples are therapeutic guidelines, coordination of ADR reports, publication of newsletter or updating a website
Drug Information
Provision of this information is one of the fundamental responsibilities of a pharmacist
Drug Information
can be utilized for different purposes:
▪ Cost-effective medication selection
▪ Medication policy decision
▪ Resource selection
▪ Practice-related issues
Drug Information
electronic management of drug information
Drug Informatics
Uses technology to effectively organize, analyze, manage, and
communicate information on medication use in patients.
Drug Informatics
▪ Electronic Health Record (EHR)
▪ Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE)
▪ Telemedicine
▪ Social Media
The ff are examples of _____
Drug Informatics
The first Drug Information Center (DIC) was established by the __________ in August 1962
University of Kentucky Medical Center
Services of the center starts with retrieval, selection, evaluation, and dissemination of information from _________ to medication information services ___________
formalized centers; outside the center.
Services of the center starts with ______, _______, ______, and _______ of information from formalized centers to medication information services outside the center.
retrieval, selection, evaluation and dissemination
The first school to incorporate Pharmacy Informatics in the curriculum was the ____________________ through the Doctor of Pharmacy program in 2001.
University of California San Diego, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Focuses mainly on the collection and evaluation of ADRs
Medication Safety
This role expanded due to increasing number of ADEs due to
1) New medication and indications
2) Growing elderly population
3) Increased use of medication for disease prevention
4) Improved insurance coverage for medications
Medication Safety
provided more users a greater access to health-related information
Advances in Informatics
____________ had these advantages:
▪ No lag for information dissemination
▪ No need to travel to a library
▪ Abundant repository of information
Advances in Informatics
____________ had these disadvantages:
▪ Rampant presence of unverified information
Advances in Informatics
Handheld devices at the point of care has provided sufficient aid in securing safe and effective treatment plans.
Advances in Informatics
Intranet provides interconnectivity in a center for coordinated circulation of information relating to the management of a patient.
Advances in Informatics
_________ provides interconnectivity in a center for coordinated circulation of information relating to the management of a patient.
Intranet
▪ Advanced from local wired connections to wireless internet features
▪ Aids in ensuring that information is available to all concerned
Intranet
under medication safety:
refers to reaction from the drug
ADR - adverse drug reaction
under medication safety:
refers to what happened after the reaction e.g. sleeping while driving due to medication
ADE - adverse drug event
allows sharing of info in centers
Intranet
An approach in therapeutics which combines evidences from research, experience of clinical experts, and at the same time considers the patient’s preferences.
Evidence-based medicines
The overall combination of the mentioned factors, produces a better, well-planned from evidences and expertise type of therapeutic plan which is most likely to be safer, more effective, and more efficient in treating the patient
Evidence-Based Medicines
factors considered in Evidence-Based Medicines
1) patient values and preferences
2) clinical expertise
3) research evidence
❑ Requirements:
▪ Understanding of medication information concepts and skills
▪ Evaluation of medication use issues for group of patients
▪ Ability to search, retrieve, and evaluate clinical literature
Evidence-Based Medicines
❑ Importance:
▪ Developing QA tools 🡪 improve patient outcomes and decrease treatment
costs
Evidence-Based Medicines
collective term used for Therapeutic guidelines, clinical pathways, medication use evaluations, disease management
QA tools
Trends in EBM:
Outcomes’ research/Effectiveness research is used to determine, via different studies, the _________
best available interventions.
Trends in EBM:
___________ helps in assessing costs, consequences, and efficiency of treatment options.
Pharmacoeconomics
Trends in EBM:
___________ of medication therapy
- Assess information needs, provide literature for selection of best medication, convey appropriate information, and address delivery and admonition problems.
Sophistication
Trends in EBM:
* Self-care movement throughout the abundance of ____________
Direct-To-Consumer-Advertising (DTCA).
T/F
DTCA empowers patients to have an active role in their healthcare
T
DTCA led to increased the used of ___________
“advertised” drugs
T/F
Patients do not lack skill to assess information in DTCA, making professional assistance unnecessary.
F
New Environments of Care
* Pharmacist had also shifted and adapted to a new role and responsibility. From providing medication information, to developing __________ and answering more complex medication/treatment inquiries.
medication policies
New Environments of Care
Leadership and career opportunities in a variety of care settings have leveled up the responsibilities of a pharmacist as a ________________
medication information specialist.
identify the care environment:
* provides services for a given amount of fee (aka fee-for service)
* fees can be per inquiry / dependent on the type of services provided
Contract Drug Information Center
identify the care environment:
* answers medication information requests
* prepares evaluations for medication items (pharmacoeconomic, medication use, investigational, etc.)
* develop guidelines for information dissemination and continuous learning
Contract Drug Information Center
identify the care environment:
* practice is set commonly in a hospital
* also found in clinics, rehab centers, dental clinics and others.
Medical Informatics in Health System
identify the care environment:
* improves workflow to support patient-care activities
* aids in data gathering from medical literature for a patient-specific therapeutic plan
Medical Informatics in Health System
identify the care environment:
* can be embedded within a health institution (hospital) or a system
* can be independent centers dedicated for poison management
Poison Control Centers
identify the care environment:
* correctly assess poisoning situation
* communicate comprehensive, concise, and accurate emergency remedies to stabilize poisoning cases
* manages minor/moderate poisoning cases (typically from medication, household products, plants)
Poison Control Centers
identify the care environment:
* common in insurance industry, HMOs, and state/national government agencies (Medicare, PhilHealth)
Managed Care Pharmacy
identify the care environment:
* develop guidelines for assistance and insurance policy coverage designs
* implement cost-effective measures for selection of therapeutic plans
Managed Care Pharmacy
identify the care environment:
* practice is set at manufacturing firms
* also in independent industry firms doing manufacturing-related activities
Pharmaceutical Industry
identify the care environment:
* answer medication inquiry for specific products of the firm
* management of ADR reports and product complaints
* participate in product development by interacting with sales and marketing, and regulatory agencies/offices
Pharmaceutical Industry
identify the care environment:
* practice set at schools/universities
* also in online platforms providing educational point-of-view about pharmacy practice (WHO-FIP)
Academia
identify the care environment:
* develop efficient and sufficient curriculum for Pharmacy students
* teach medication information skills
* promote continuous learning and upgrade on hard and soft skills of a pharmacists
Academia
identify the care environment:
* practice is set at medical information/education companies outside the pharmaceutical industries
Scientific Writing and Medical Communications
identify the care environment:
* provide continuous source of medical information through trainings, seminars, and symposia
* write and develop medication-related materials like monographs, posters, proposals, pharmaceutical promotions and advertising
* manage web-based sources for appropriate communication of medical information
Scientific Writing and Medical Communications
“All Pharmacist must be an effective ___________ regardless of their practice area.”
medication information providers
