19th Century World

Question 1

Ottoman Empire

Answer 1

Weakened by corruption, nationalist uprisings, and military defeats. Tanzimat Reforms modernized administration.

Question 2

Crimean War (1853–1856)

Answer 2

Fought between Russia and the Ottoman Empire, with British and French support for the Ottomans.

Question 3

Young Turk Movement

Answer 3

A late 19th-century push for constitutional reforms in the Ottoman Empire.

Question 4

Qing Dynasty

Answer 4

Weakened by the Opium Wars, Taiping Rebellion, and failed Self-Strengthening Movement.

Question 5

Opium Wars

Answer 5

Fought between China and Britain (1839–1842, 1856–1860); led to British control of Hong Kong.

Question 6

Taiping Rebellion

Answer 6

A massive civil war in China (1850–1864) against the Qing Dynasty; resulted in millions of deaths.

Question 7

Self-Strengthening Movement

Answer 7

Qing attempts at modernization (1860s–1895) that largely failed.

Question 8

Sino-Japanese War

Answer 8

Conflict (1894–1895) where China lost to Japan, losing Taiwan and influence in Korea.

Question 9

Mughal Empire

Answer 9

Declined in the 19th century; British East India Company took control.

Question 10

Indian Rebellion of 1857

Answer 10

Also called the Sepoy Mutiny; led to British Crown taking direct control of India.

Question 11

British Raj

Answer 11

Period of British rule in India (1858–1947).

Question 12

Scramble for Africa

Answer 12

Rapid European colonization of Africa in the late 19th century.

Question 13

Berlin Conference (1884–1885)

Answer 13

European powers divided Africa without considering ethnic or cultural boundaries.

Question 14

Zulu Kingdom

Answer 14

Expanded under Shaka Zulu; later defeated by the British.

Question 15

Ethiopian Victory at Adwa

Answer 15

Ethiopia defeated Italy (1896), maintaining its independence.

Question 16

Congress of Vienna (1815)

Answer 16

Restored conservative rule in Europe after Napoleon.

Question 17

Nationalism

Answer 17

Led to unification of Italy (1861) and Germany (1871).

Question 18

Franco-Prussian War

Answer 18

Prussia defeated France (1870–1871), leading to German unification.

Question 19

Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels

Answer 19

Published The Communist Manifesto (1848), advocating socialism.

Question 20

Industrial Revolution

Answer 20

Spread from Britain, revolutionized manufacturing and transportation.

Question 21

Steam Engine

Answer 21

Invented by James Watt; revolutionized transportation and factories.

Question 22

Louis Pasteur

Answer 22

Developed germ theory, leading to medical advancements.

Question 23

Telegraph

Answer 23

Invented by Samuel Morse, revolutionizing communication.

Question 24

Suez Canal (1869)

Answer 24

Shortened trade routes between Europe and Asia.

Question 25

Abolition of Slavery

Answer 25

Britain (1833), France (1848), U.S. (1865), Brazil (1888).

Question 26

Seneca Falls Convention

Answer 26

Held in 1848; marked the beginning of the women's rights movement in the U.S.

Question 27

Romanticism

Answer 27

Artistic movement focused on emotion, nature, and individualism.

Question 28

Realism

Answer 28

Depicted everyday life and social issues in art and literature.

Question 29

Impressionism

Answer 29

Late 19th-century art movement capturing light and color.

Question 30

Meiji Restoration (1868)

Answer 30

Japan modernized rapidly after being forced to open trade by the U.S.

Question 31

Boxer Rebellion (1899–1901)

Answer 31

Anti-foreigner uprising in China, suppressed by Western powers.

Question 32

Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905)

Answer 32

Japan defeated Russia, marking its rise as a global power.

Question 33

Imperialism

Answer 33

European powers colonized vast territories for economic and political control.

Question 34

Tensions Leading to WWI

Answer 34

Nationalism, militarism, and alliances set the stage for global conflict.