19th Century (Industrial) Flashcards
When was Germ Theory discovered
1861
What did Robert Koch use to identify bacteria
Chemical dyes and powerful microscopes
Name one disease that Robert Koch identified
TB 1882 Cholera 1883
What did Koch’s discovery enable Pasteur to do
Develop vaccines using weakened bacteria
What did Nightingale cut the death rate at Scutari hospital to
42% to 2%
What did Simpson discover in 1847
Chloroform
When did Lister develop carbolic acid as an antiseptic
1867
When did Jenner discover that cowpox could prevent smallpox
1796
When did the gvoernment make smallpox vaccination compulsory
1852 and enforced after 1871
When was the first outbreak of cholera
1831
Why was the first Public Health Act 1848 limited
It was not compulsory
What was the Great Stink 1858
Sewage in the River Thames smelt so bad that Parliament had to be closed down
How many miles of sewers did Bazalgette build by 1866
1300 miles
What did the Public Health Act of 1875 state
Local authorities had to provide sewers fresh water paved streets and drains
What did John Snow discover in 1854
Cholera was spread through dirty water He proved this by removing the handle from a water pump which stopped the outbreak in Broad Street
Why did public health get worse in the 19th century
No sanitation Outbreak of diseases like cholera Overcrowding in the cities led to slum housing
When did Chadwick publish his report into public health
1842 he linked dirt and disease
When did Nightingale publish Notes on Nursing
1859
What impact did the discovery of antiseptics have
It cut the death rate in Lister’s unit from 46% to 15%
What problem in surgery was not resolved in the 1800s
Blood loss as transfusions were not possible
