1970s

Question 1

1970

Answer 1

• Socialist Allende elected President in Chile
• Early - Sino-US diplomatic contact established in Warsaw
• March 1969-May 1970 - Operation Menu
• March - coup brought pro-American general Lon Nol to power in Cambodia
• April - US and SV forced invaded Cambodia to attack communist sanctuaries
• April - 20,000 US ground troops on ‘search and destroy’ missions in Cambodia
• 4 May - Kent State shooting, 4 protesters killed
• Aug - Treaty of Moscow agrees to implement detente (E. Germany and USSR)
• Dec - Germany Polish Treaty, acceptance of Oder-Neisse line
• Dec 1970 - Warschauer Kniefall

Question 2

1971

Answer 2

• Castro visits Chile, US fears ‘Chilean way to Socialism’
• Brandt receives Nobel Peace Prize
• Feb-March - Operation Lam Son 719, ARVN ‘search and destroy’ Laos
• April - 1st US table tennis team in PRC for 10 days, PP diplomacy
• Sept- The Berlin Agreement, E Berlin part of GDR, freer people movement between Berlins
• July - Kissinger secretly visits Pecking, agreed Sino-US summit
• Oct - Kissinger visits Pecking again
• Nov - PRC joins NATO

Question 3

1972

Answer 3

• 1972-75 - Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe.
• April - Kissinger secretly visits Moscow (Triangulation)
• Feb - Nixon met with Mao and Premier Zhou Enlai in Beijing (Triangulation)
• May - Nixon makes historic visit to Moscow (Triangulation).
• May - Moscow Summit, Interim Treaty, ABM Treaty, Basic Principles Agreement
• Operation Linebacker I, escalated NV bombing after Spring Offensive
• 18-29 Dec - Operation Linebacker 11, Christmas Bombings
• Dec - Basic Treaty, normalisation of East-West Germany relations, recognition of GDR and FRG

Question 4

1973

Answer 4

• Jan - Ceasefire would begin in Vietnam (not L or C)
• Until 1973 - Cambodia bombed ‘back to the stone age’.
• Kissinger and Le Duc Tho awarded Nobel Peace Prize. Tho rejected his.
• June - Washington Summit (N+B). Agreements on agriculture, cultural exchanges and transport, discussed SALT 2.
• Sept - GDR and FRG joined UN as 2 separate countries
• US pulled out of Loas, as stated by Paris agreement
• Sept - CIA maybe involved in violent military coup, Allende –> repressive General Pinochet, immediate US economic support resumed

Question 5

1974

Answer 5

• Brandt’s demise
• congress cut spending to South Vietnam from $1bn to $700m for the year
• June-July - Moscow Summit (N+B), no agreement on MIRVs but kept alive possibility of SALT 2
• Aug - Nixon resigns, replaced by Ford
• Sept - radical pro-Soviet nationalist group, the Derg, took power in Ethiopia
• Nov - Vladivostok Summit (F+B),10 year plan to reach equal levels of ICBMs and SLBMs.

Question 6

1975

Answer 6

• March - North Vietnamese forces invaded the south, collapsed in weeks
• April - Pol Pot’s Khmer Rouge seized power in Cambodia
• 29 April - Operation Frequent Wind evacuation
• 30 April - fall of Saigon
• May - Communist Pathet Laos took over Laos (remain)
• 1 Aug - Helsinki Accords
• 1975-6 - Cuban intervention in Angola: Cuba, USSR - MPLA, US- UNITA, FNLA. MPLA power by 1976

Question 7

1976

Answer 7

• Mao’s death, new leader Xiaoping

Question 8

1977

Answer 8

• March - SALT 2
• July 1977- March 1978 - Ogaden War

Question 9

1978

Answer 9

• Dec - US would formally recognise PRC and terminate defence treaty between US and Taiwan
• 25th Dec - NV launched full-scale invasion on Democratic Kampuchea (Cambodia) and toppled Khmer Rouge in just 2 weeks.

Question 10

1979

Answer 10

• Communist Sandinista National Liberation Front seized power in Nicaragua
• Jan - Feb - Iranian Revolution
• June - Pope visited Poland future in those ‘mature enough to be non-conformists’
• July - Operation Cyclone gave Mujahideen US support
• 8 Oct - Amin assassinated Taraki
• Nov - US embassy stormed, 52 US diplomats and citizens held hostage
• 25 Dec - Soviets invaded Afghanistan