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Britain > 1964 - 70 > Flashcards

1964 - 70 Flashcards

1
Q

WILSON vs DOUGLAS-HOME

Why did Wilson appear classless?

A

He went to a state secondary school

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2
Q

WILSON vs DOUGLAS-HOME

Why was Douglas-Home out of date?

A

Old Etonian, renounced his lordship through a peerage act, didn’t win leadership through any kind of party election

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3
Q

WILSON vs DOUGLAS-HOME

What did the election results show?

A

More moving away from Conservatives than voting for Labour

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4
Q

WILSON vs DOUGLAS-HOME

What did Wilson want to do away with?

A

Privilege, and replace it with purpose/drive

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5
Q

TENSIONS

What were the 5 tensions and concerns for the Labour government?

A
  • The economy
  • Europe
  • Trade unions
  • Northern Ireland
  • International issues
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6
Q

TRADE UNIONS

Define a trade union

A

A group that exists to protect workers rights

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7
Q

TRADE UNIONS

Define a wildcat strike

A

An unofficial strike decided on the day

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8
Q

TRADE UNIONS

What percentage of people had a favourable view of trade unions in 1960?

A

60%

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9
Q

TRADE UNIONS

Which two groups striked in 1966 and 1967?

A

Dockers and Seamen

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10
Q

TRADE UNIONS

What did increased frequency of strikes show?

A

Many older union bosses were losing their grip

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11
Q

TRADE UNIONS

Who did Wilson plan to implement union laws with?

A

Barbara Castle, planning to prevent unofficial strikes

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12
Q

TRADE UNIONS

What white paper did Castle produce in 1969?

A

“In place of strife”

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13
Q

TRADE UNIONS

Was in place of strife entirely negative for trade unions?

A

No, in many ways it strengthened their position with employers

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14
Q

TRADE UNIONS

What were the four parts of “in place of strife” hard for unions to accept?

A
  • The 28 cooling off period before strikes went ahead
  • The government could impose a settlement when unions were in dispute with each other
  • Strike ballots could be imposed
  • An industrial relations court would be able to prosecute people who broke the rules
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15
Q

TRADE UNIONS

Who supported Castle’s proposals?

A

Voters are many Labour MPs such as Roy Jenkins

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16
Q

TRADE UNIONS

Who didn’t support Castle’s proposals?

A

Much of the Labour left and union bosses such as Jack Jones?

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17
Q

TRADE UNIONS

Why did Wilson have to give in?

A

50 Labour MPs were ready to rebel

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18
Q

TRADE UNIONS

In June 1979 what did the TUC negotiate?

A

A face saving compromise, but everyone knew it was a humiliating government step down

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19
Q

THE TROUBLES

When did Northern Ireland gain independence?

A

1922

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20
Q

THE TROUBLES

How was Ireland partitioned?

A

6 counties in Northern Ireland would remain in the UK and the other 26 counties would then make up the independent Republic of Ireland

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21
Q

THE TROUBLES

What did the controversial partition lead to?

A

Civil war, unionists vs nationalists

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22
Q

THE TROUBLES

What religion were the majority of people in Northern Ireland?

A

Protestants

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23
Q

THE TROUBLES

Which group dominated the Stormont parliament?

A

Protestant-unionists

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24
Q

THE TROUBLES

What was there mounting evidence of by the 1960s?

A

Catholics were being discriminated against in employment and housing. Electoral boundaries had been drawn to purposefully prevent Catholics being elected and there were accusations of the NIC being biased towards the Protestants.

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25
Q

THE TROUBLES

What happened in 1964?

A

The civil rights movement in NI began to challenge the covert discrimination

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26
Q

THE TROUBLES

When did tensions flare?

A

As some unionists feared the IRA would start a new campaign. These so called loyalists started to set up parliamentary organisations to defend the union.

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27
Q

THE TROUBLES

When were civil rights marches held?

A

1968: these protests were attacked by the loyalists and many Catholics complained the RUC had failed to protect them.

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28
Q

THE TROUBLES

What did Wilson resort to in 1969?

A

Sending the British army in to try and keep the peace

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29
Q

THE TROUBLES

How did the situation deteriorate further in 1969?

A

The loyalists had gone ahead with their annual march in Derry and were attacked by nationalists in the Catholic area of Bogside. They were held back by two days of violent rioting. Televised pictures showed NUC officers beating up the Catholics.

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30
Q

THE 1970 ELECTION

Who was up against who?

A

Edward Heath vs Harold Wilson

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31
Q

THE 1970 ELECTION

Why did Consensus appear to be breaking down by the 1970s?

A
  • Economy not solved by the consensus
  • Trade unions seemingly more un-cooperative
  • Social problems and policies had not being ended
  • Debates about whether the state should take as great a role in the economy and employment
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32
Q

THE 1970 ELECTION

Why was Labour’s loss of election surprising?

A

The Labour government had now come out of it’s rough patch and Wilson as considered more popular than Heath

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33
Q

THE 1970 ELECTION

Why did Heath win the election?

A
  • Presented an image of competence
  • “Rivers of blood” in touch with public mood
  • Heath himself appeared decisive and strong
  • Breakdown of post war consensus made the Conservative policies appear more popular
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34
Q

ECONOMIC PROBLEMS

Why was it essential Wilson carried out the modernisation of the British economy?

A

He was elected on the basis he represented the modern age

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35
Q

ECONOMIC PROBLEMS

What was Wilson to desperate to achieve?

A

For Britain’s growth to catch up with countries such as Japan and Germany, and to end the stop-go policies of the Conservative government

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36
Q

ECONOMIC PROBLEMS

What did Wilson see economic growth as?

A

The prerequisite for social progress and reform

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37
Q

ECONOMY: 1964

Describe the state of the economy in 1964

A
  • “Sorry to leave such a mess old cock”
  • Election manifesto promised increased spending on welfare, pensions and school: immediately an issue
  • Low inflation but low production
  • Conservatives overspent and relied on American loans
  • £800 million deficit
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38
Q

DEVALUATION

Describe devaluation

A

Lowering the value of a currency in comparison to others in a fixed exchange system, makes imports more expensive and exports cheaper (so more people buy)

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39
Q

DEVALUATION

Why didn’t Wilson want to devalue initially?

A

It makes the economy look weaker and Wilson didn’t want Labour to have a reputation of devaluing

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40
Q

DEVALUATION

Why was Britain talking more seriously about devaluation in 1967?

A

Britain was in a debt of £1500 million and loans were not forthecoming

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41
Q

DEVALUATION

What did Wilson and Brown beg from the US?

A

A loan or the required support for an IMF loan

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42
Q

DEVALUATION

When did Wilson, Callaghan and Brown agree to devalue the pound?

A

9pm, the 8th of November 1967

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43
Q

DEVALUATION

What did the pound decrease to and from?

A

It went from $2.80 to $2.40, a decrease of 14%

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44
Q

DEVALUATION

What did Callaghan do the next day, once the pound had been devalued?

A

Resigned as expected

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45
Q

DEVALUATION

What was Wilson’s speech “pound to pocket” essentially about?

A

That the pound will change in value internationally but not domestically

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46
Q

DEVALUATION

Who was the chancellor of the exchequer after Callaghan?

A

Jenkins, revived the fortunes of the country, happier to introduce deflationary measures and taxes

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47
Q

DEVALUATION

What was the surplus by 1969?

A

£700 million

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48
Q

CALLAGHAN

What did he raise?

A

Income and petrol taxes

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49
Q

CALLAGHAN

What did Callaghan introduce?

A

A 15% subcharge of exports, this was abolished because of international unpopularity

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50
Q

DEFLATION

What were the fears surrounding deflation?

A

Harked back to the stop-go policies, prevented Labour from fulfilling their manifesto

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51
Q

DEVALUATION

What did Callaghan’s first budget have to be?

A

Deflationary

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52
Q

DEVALUATION

What was the bank rate cut by in 1965 and why?

A

1%, popularity for the 1966 election

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53
Q

DEA

What was Wilson convinced problems could be solved by?

A

Careful management and planning

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54
Q

DEA

What was Wilson convinced problems could be solved by?

A

Careful management and planning

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55
Q

DEA

Who led the DEA?

A

George Brown

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56
Q

DEA

What did Brown set up?

A

Growth targets and devised a national plan that had voluntary agreements of wages and prices: a huge success

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57
Q

DEA

What stifled Brown’s efforts?

A

The treasury not wanting to lose control

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58
Q

REJECTION FROM THE EEC

Which Labour member passionately fought against the EEC application in 1962?

A

Gaitskell

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59
Q

REJECTION FROM THE EEC

What did many members of the Labour left see the EEC as?

A

“A capitalist club”

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60
Q

REJECTION FROM THE EEC

What did Europhiles in the cabinet see?

A

The economic benefits of joining the EEC

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61
Q

REJECTION FROM THE EEC

What was Wilson very conscious of?

A

The fact Labour needed to appear united on the issue

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62
Q

REJECTION FROM THE EEC

Why did Wilson reapply?

A
  • Economic benefits, same time as devaluation and the increasing deficit
  • Issues in Rhodesia
  • Straining American relations: Vietnam so wanted to strengthen relations in Europe
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63
Q

REJECTION FROM THE EEC

What was President Degaulle’s role in the rejection from the EEC?

A

He was still president of France and had not changed his mind in 1963 despite many meeting with the Labour government. He rejected the application.

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64
Q

REJECTION FROM THE EEC

Why did DeGaulle reject the application?

A

Bitter about France’s rejection from the 1945 Yalta and Potsdam conferences, he thought Britain would be an obstructive member

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65
Q

REJECTION FROM THE EEC

Were other members becoming frustrated with DeGaulle?

A

Yes, quite open with their annoyance

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66
Q

REJECTION FROM THE EEC

What was the impact of rejection from the EEC on Wilson?

A

Humiliation, befallen the same downfall as Macmillan

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67
Q

WITHDRAWL FROM SUEZ

Who was minister of defence under Wilson?

A

Denis Healy

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68
Q

WITHDRAWL FROM SUEZ

What did Healy introduce in 1967?

A

A series of budget cuts, Healey’s white paper proposed a timetable from troupe withdrawal from Adan, the middle east, Malaysia and Singapore

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69
Q

WITHDRAWL FROM SUEZ

What did Healy introduce in 1967?

A

A series of budget cuts, Healey’s white paper proposed a timetable from troupe withdrawal from Adan, the middle east, Malaysia and Singapore

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70
Q

WITHDRAWL FROM SUEZ

What did Wilson believe in?

A

The Atlantic-alliance and Britain’s continued role on the world stage

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71
Q

WITHDRAWL FROM SUEZ

What were there no serious debates held about?

A

Reducing spending on nuclear deterrents, despite it’s expense

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72
Q

WITHDRAWL FROM SUEZ

What did the government announce it’s committal to?

A

The US deployment of polari missiles

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73
Q

WITHDRAWL FROM SUEZ

Why did international approach change in January 1968?

A

Dramatic spending cuts had to occur after the devaluation crisis of 1967

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74
Q

WITHDRAWL FROM SUEZ

What was rapidly accelerated?

A

Withdrawal from East Suez, withdrawing troupes from Adan, the Arabian Gulf, Malaysia and Singapore by the end of 1971

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75
Q

WITHDRAWL FROM SUEZ

Despite the wishes of Wilson and Healy, what had to be abandoned?

A

The development of a new high tech warplane: the TSR2

76
Q

VIETNAM

Was Wilson pro or anti American?

A

Pro American, very supportive of the Atlantic Alliance

77
Q

VIETNAM

Describe the context of Vietnam

A

Cold war ongoing, Britain wanted to ensure the US remained committed to the defence of Western Europe, fears increased because of the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia

78
Q

VIETNAM

When did the Vietnam war begin, and when did it escelate?

A

It began in 1955 and escalated in 1964

79
Q

VIETNAM

What did the USA want it’s allies to do when the Vietnam war escalated in 1964?

A

Send troupes in

80
Q

VIETNAM

What did Wilson resist?

A

Sending in any direct military intervention

81
Q

VIETNAM

Why was Vietnam a balancing act for Britain?

A
  • Wanted to keep the Atlantic Alliance but the Vietnam war was very unpopular in Britain so Wilson lacked political support
82
Q

VIETNAM

What other reasons did Wilson not want to intervene in the Vietnam war for?

A

Britain couldn’t afford to send any troupes in

83
Q

VIETNAM

What did Wilson decide to do?

A

Give moral support rather than military support: this annoyed president Johnson and a number of Labour supporters who wanted the government to condemn the US

84
Q

RHODESIA

What did Southern Rhodesia demand?

A

Independence, Britain made it clear this wouldn’t happen until majority rule replaced the political domination by white people

85
Q

RHODESIA

When did a political row blow up?

A

When Ian Smith became Prime Minister of Rhodesia in 1965 and issued a unilateral declaration of independence for Rhodesia without accepting majority rule.

86
Q

RHODESIA

What were Smith’s actions?

A

A direct challenge to the Labour government

87
Q

RHODESIA

When did Wilson meet Smith?

A

1966 onboard the HMS tiger

88
Q

RHODESIA

What did the meeting onboard the HMS tiger seem to represent?

A

Progress, but Smith disavowed everything once he got home

89
Q

RHODESIA

What didn’t have the desired effect on Smith?

A

Oil sanctions

90
Q

RHODESIA

Where did more talks occur?

A

Onboard the HMS fearless, but to no avail

91
Q

RHODESIA

What did the situation in Rhodesia cause?

A

Upset to the Commonwealth, Labour back benchers whilst synonymously making Britain look weak and Wilson unable to take charge.

92
Q

LIBERALISING LEGISLATION

A
93
Q

LIBERALISING LEGISLATION

Who was the home secretary from 1965 - 67?

A

Roy Jenkins :))

94
Q

LIBERALISING LEGISLATION

What did Jenkins realise?

A

Laws needed to be changed in order for personal freedoms to be developed further

95
Q

LIBERALISING LEGISLATION

By the end of the 1960s, what was beginning to be broken down?

A

The old societal taboos

96
Q

LIBERALISING LEGISLATION

What do moral questions normally go to?

A

Freevote

97
Q

LIBERALISING LEGISLATION

Why were private members bills successful?

A

Roy Jenkins enabled enough parliamentary time for reforms to be passed

98
Q

THE END OF CAPITAL PUNISHMENT

What were anti-hanging campaigns boosted by?

A

The case of Ruth Ellis, who was hanged for murdering her abusive husband in self defense

99
Q

THE END OF CAPITAL PUNISHMENT

In 1955, what had the Conservative government done?

A

Reduced the number of crimes carrying the death penalty

100
Q

THE END OF CAPITAL PUNISHMENT

Which Labour MP campaigned tirelessly for the complete abolition of capital punishment?

A

Sydney Silverman

101
Q

THE END OF CAPITAL PUNISHMENT

What happened by free vote in 1965?

A

Hanging was abolished for a trial period of five years

102
Q

THE END OF CAPITAL PUNISHMENT

When was the end of capital punishment made permenant?

A

1969

103
Q

THE END OF CAPITAL PUNISHMENT

What did Jenkins also refuse to authorise?

A

The beating of prisoners which ceased in 1967

104
Q

THE END OF CAPITAL PUNISHMENT

What changes were made to courts?

A

1967: majority verdicts bought in rather than unanimous ones, helped to convict more criminals

105
Q

DIVORCE REFORMS

Until the 1960s, what did divorce law demand?

A

Evidence that one party had committed adultery, whilst this was ok for the rich it made divorce pretty inaccessible for the poor

106
Q

DIVORCE REFORMS

When was the divorce reform act passed?

A

1969

107
Q

DIVORCE REFORMS

What did the divorce reform act allow

A

“No fault divorce” following the “irretrievable breakdown of a marriage”

  • Lived apart for two years and both partners agreed
  • Lived apart for five years and one party wanted a divorce
108
Q

DIVORCE REFORMS

Describe the increase in divorce after the divorce reform act of 1969

A

1950: 2/1000 married couples divorced
1970: 10/1000 (increased by 5x)

109
Q

THE LEGALISATION OF ABORTION

What was abortion until 1967?

A

Illegal, accept on strict medical grounds

110
Q

THE LEGALISATION OF ABORTION

What was the only way to get an abortion pre 1967?

A

Backstreet medics or private clinics. Between 100,000 to 200,000 women had backstreet abortions each year. Between 1958 - 60, 35,000 women ended up in hospital and 82 died

111
Q

THE LEGALISATION OF ABORTION

What was the ALRA and what did they argue?

A

The “abortion law reform association” argued that all legal obstacles to abortion should be removed

112
Q

THE LEGALISATION OF ABORTION

What did more to sway public opinion than anything else?

A

The Thalamide disaster of 1962: a drug prescribed for pregnant women, caused fetal deformity, opinion polls showed abortion to be more favourable when deformities were detected in the fetus

113
Q

THE LEGALISATION OF ABORTION

What was set up in 1966?

A

The society for the protection of the unborn child

114
Q

THE LEGALISATION OF ABORTION

Which MP opposed the bill?

A

David Steel

115
Q

THE LEGALISATION OF ABORTION

What did the abortion act permit?

A

The legal termination of pregnancy in the first 28 weeks, with the consent of two doctors. Took in to account the mental suffering of pregnant women and not just physical.

116
Q

THE LEGALISATION OF ABORTION

Describe abortion statistics after the reformation

A

1968: 4/100
1975: 17.6/100

117
Q

LEGALISATION OF HOMOSEXUAL RELATIONS

Which Labour MP took up this cause?

A

Leo Abase

118
Q

LEGALISATION OF HOMOSEXUAL RELATIONS

What was passed in the 1976 Sexual Offences Act

A

Made homosexuality legal in three conditions

  • Both partners had to consent
  • Both partners had to be over 21
  • It must take place in private
119
Q

LEGALISATION OF HOMOSEXUAL RELATIONS

Who was the act welcomed by?

A

Men who had previously been afraid to declare their sexuality and perhaps had been forced to live double lives.

120
Q

LEGALISATION OF HOMOSEXUAL RELATIONS

How was the act viewed?

A

Strictly, “in private” was interpreted as nobody else being in the building

121
Q

DEVELOPMENT OF COMP SCHOOLS

By 1960, what had long passed?

A

The idea that the tripartite system of secondary schools were equal. The whole system was socially divisive and based off class rather than academia.

122
Q

DEVELOPMENT OF COMP SCHOOLS

Who established comprehensive schools?

A

The LEA

123
Q

DEVELOPMENT OF COMP SCHOOLS

What did comprehensive schools mean?

A

Every child would have equal opportunities to learn at their own pace and sit exams according to their own subject ability

124
Q

DEVELOPMENT OF COMP SCHOOLS

How many pupils were in comprehensive schools by 1964?

A

1/10

125
Q

DEVELOPMENT OF COMP SCHOOLS

Who and how accelerated this process?

A

Tony Crosland, the minister of education. He accelerated this process by issuing circular 10/65 to all local comprehensive schools

126
Q

DEVELOPMENT OF COMP SCHOOLS

What were the statistics by 1970?

A

1/3 of children in comprehensive schools

127
Q 
DEVELOPMENT OF COMP SCHOOLS
What did middle-class parents do?
A

Send their children to private schools. Parents unconvinced education would be as good as the grammar schools, despite Wilson calling CS “grammar school education for all”

128
Q

EXPANSION OF HIGHER EDUCATION

What did the Robbins report find?

A

Britain lagged behind France, Germany and the US in the provision of university places - especially in science and technology

129
Q

EXPANSION OF HIGHER EDUCATION

How did the Labour government respond to the Robbins report?

A

Expanding higher education

  • Polytechnics replaced colleges of technology, their focus was to be on practical’s rather than research
  • Nine colleges of advanced technology became full universities and the Royal university in Scotland became Strathclyde university
  • 21 ‘new’ universities were to be founded
130
Q

EXPANSION OF HIGHER EDUCATION

What did the government achieve by 1968?

A

30 polytechnics and 56 universities by 1968. New degrees and courses were offered. People began to attend university even if they had family who had never been.

131
Q

THE OPEN UNIVERSITY

What did Harold Wilson say he most wanted to be remembered for?

A

Creating the open university

132
Q

THE OPEN UNIVERSITY

What did the open university combine for Wilson?

A

His enthusiasm for education, modernisation and equal opportunity

133
Q

THE OPEN UNIVERSITY

When and where were the OU headquarters’ established?

A

1969, Milton Keynes

134
Q

THE OPEN UNIVERSITY

What happened in 1970?

A

There were enough applications for classes to begin

135
Q

THE OPEN UNIVERSITY

Describe the impact of the OU

A

Gave people degrees if they had never previously had the chance, remote learning, women or the disadvantaged, by 1980 giving more degrees out than Oxbridge

136
Q

THE EXPANSION OF MASS MEDIA

By 1961, what percentage of the population had a TV in their homes?

A

75%

137
Q

THE EXPANSION OF MASS MEDIA

What did the TV percentage rise to by 1971?

A

91%

138
Q

THE EXPANSION OF MASS MEDIA

Who was Hugh Greene and what did he do?

A

Became the director-general of the BBC, diverted money from radio to TV

139
Q

THE EXPANSION OF MASS MEDIA

What was launched in 1955 and what did it allow?

A

ITV, more advertising

140
Q

THE EXPANSION OF MASS MEDIA

What was the first channel to broadcast in colour?

A

ITV, 1967

141
Q

THE EXPANSION OF MASS MEDIA

How did radio survive?

A

Cars

142
Q

THE EXPANSION OF MASS MEDIA

What happened to radio stations?

A

More opened, such as radio one which hired pirate DJs such as Tony Blackburn

143
Q

THE EXPANSION OF MASS MEDIA

Which newspaper was launched in 1964?

A

The sun

144
Q

THE EXPANSION OF MASS MEDIA

What did the sun represent?

A

More permissive attitudes, popularity grew enormously

145
Q

GROWTH IN LEISURE ACTIVITIES

Why did leisure expand in the 1960s?

A

People were now not being expected to work at the weekends

146
Q

GROWTH IN LEISURE ACTIVITIES

Give three examples of popular hobbies

A

DIY, gardening and needlework

147
Q

GROWTH IN LEISURE ACTIVITIES

What happened to car ownership in the 1960s?

A

It accelerated rapidly, with cars accounting for 70% of journeys by 1974

148
Q

GROWTH IN LEISURE ACTIVITIES

What did shopping become?

A

A leisure activity due to mass advertising

149
Q

GROWTH IN LEISURE ACTIVITIES

What happened to holidays?

A

Mass tourism, Brittania airways founded in 1964 to serve holiday makers wishing to travel to a number of different countries

150
Q

IMPACTS OF SCIENTIFIC DEVELOPMENT

What happened in 1961?

A

The first person went into space

151
Q

IMPACTS OF SCIENTIFIC DEVELOPMENT

What happened in 1969?

A

The US landed the first person on the moon

152
Q

IMPACTS OF SCIENTIFIC DEVELOPMENT

What did the anglo-french partnership continue to develop?

A

The supersonic Concorde aircraft

153
Q

IMPACTS OF SCIENTIFIC DEVELOPMENT

What opened in 1965?

A

The tallest tower in Britain, aiming to improve telecommunications

154
Q

REDUCTION IN CENSORSHIP

What did the Lord Chamberlain’s office control?

A

What plays could be performed on stage

155
Q

REDUCTION IN CENSORSHIP

What were playwriters becoming?

A

More critical of society and more frank

156
Q

REDUCTION IN CENSORSHIP

What did the backbencher George Strauss introduce?

A

A bill to abolish theatrical censorship, passed with the help of Roy Jenkins in 1968

157
Q

REDUCTION IN CENSORSHIP

What did the removal of theatrical censorship mean?

A

Plays could feature nudity on stage, this was first demonstrated through the play “hair”

158
Q

REDUCTION IN CENSORSHIP

What happened to films in the 1960s?

A

A gradual broadening of what was deemed acceptable, films such as Darling and Alfie featured explicit on screen sex and violence for the first ever time

159
Q

PROGRESS TOWARDS FEMALE EQUALITY

What were women in Britain frustrated about?

A

The lack of women in higher education (23%) and the lack of women in managerial positions (5%)

160
Q

PROGRESS TOWARDS FEMALE EQUALITY

What did the NHS Act of 1967 allow?

A

Contraceptives and contraception for the first ever time

161
Q

PROGRESS TOWARDS FEMALE EQUALITY

What did a rally in Britain in 1969 cause

A

The establishment of the Women’s National Coordination Committee which tied all the different strands of feminism together

162
Q

PROGRESS TOWARDS FEMALE EQUALITY

In 1970, what four demands did the WNCC put forward?

A
  • Equal pay
  • Free abortion or contraception on request
  • Equal education and job opportunities
  • Free 24 hour childcare
163
Q

PROGRESS TOWARDS FEMALE EQUALITY

What did the 1970 matrimonial property act state?

A

The work of a wife should be taken into account in divorce settlements

164
Q

PROGRESS TOWARDS FEMALE EQUALITY

What did the 1970 equal pay act establish?

A

There should be equal pay for equal work

165
Q

“PERMISSIVE SOCIETY”

What did the catholic church deem contraception?

A

Sinful

166
Q

“PERMISSIVE SOCIETY”

What happened to permissive subjects?

A

They became less taboo in the media

167
Q

“PERMISSIVE SOCIETY”

Who was Mary Whitehouse?

A

A moral campaigner concerned about sexual liberation

168
Q

“PERMISSIVE SOCIETY”

What was set up in support of Whitehouse?

A

The national viewers and listeners association in 1965 but it came to no avail

169
Q

“PERMISSIVE SOCIETY”

Describe drugs

A
  • More frequently used
  • 10x more addictions
  • “The hippy lifestyle”
170
Q

“PERMISSIVE SOCIETY”

What did the less liberal home secretary James Callaghan issue in 1967?

A

The dangerous drugs act

171
Q

YOUTH CULTURE

What did youths begin to do?

A

Question norms and assert it’s right to choose

172
Q

YOUTH CULTURE

For a time what was London?

A

The fashion capital of the world: more extravagance

173
Q

YOUTH CULTURE

What did changing fashions help to override?

A

Sex and class divisions

174
Q

VIETNAM RIOTS

What was set up in 1966?

A

The VSC, gained lots of support from university students

175
Q

VIETNAM RIOTS

What happened on the 28th of March 1968?

A

“The battle of Grosvenor square”: anti vietnam riots, 200,000 people were arrested

176
Q

VIETNAM RIOTS

What also happened in 1968?

A
  • A member of the US embassy was covered in paint
  • Two Conservative MPs physically attacked in Essex
  • Denis Healy, Labour defence secretary, almost had his car overturned by Cambridge students
177
Q

IMMIGRATION AND RACE

Was there still racial tension?

A

Yes: 1/5 said they would object to working with a black or Asian person

178
Q

IMMIGRATION AND RACE

What act was passed in 1965?

A

The race relations act: forbade the exclusion in public places based on race or ethnic national origins

179
Q

IMMIGRATION AND RACE

What happened in February 1968?

A

There was an influx of Kenyan Asians which prompted the government to pass a new Commonwealth Immigration Act which limited the right of return for non-white commonwealth citizens.

180
Q

IMMIGRATION AND RACE

What speech did Enoch Powell deliver and what were the consequences?

A

“The rivers of blood” speech, a poll found 75% of the population to support what Powell had said

181
Q

IMMIGRATION AND RACE

What was passed in 1968?

A

The race relations act which banned discrimination in employment of housing and the race relations board was given more power

182
Q

IMMIGRATION AND RACE

Give five positives of emigration unseen in the 50s

A
  • The annual Notting Hill carnival
  • Asian corner shops and Chinese takeaways
  • Fashion and street life
  • Jazz
  • Yoga
183
Q

TRADE UNIONS

What did trade unions agree to?

A

A voluntary pay norm of 3.5%

184
Q

TRADE UNIONS

What did unions support?

A

Wilson’s national plan

185
Q

TRADE UNIONS

What did trade unions accept?

A

The setting up of a Royal Commission on trade unions

186
Q

TRADE UNIONS

What did Trade Unions welcome?

A

The Trade Dispute Act which restored legal safeguards threatened by the Rooks vs Barnard judgement

Britain (3 decks)

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