1955-80 Black Americans Flashcards
When was Rosa Parks arrested
1955
When was the Montgomery Bus boycott
1955-56
What did the boycott show
the potential power of non-violent and large scale direct action
What led to the desegregation of buses
Browder v Gayle 1956
What was Little Rock
1957- NAACP encouraged 9 black students to enrol in the newly desegregated school
What did Little Rock achieve
SC ruling Cooper v Aaron 1958
-declared unconstitutional any law seeking to keep schools segregated
Why was litigation becoming less effective
The Supreme Court lacked powers of enforcement
Example of Supreme Court Ruling not being upheld
Shelly v Kraemer (1948)- ruled against discrimination in housing sales
When were the Greensboro sit ins
1960
How many students emulated the Greensboro sit ins
70,000
What did the Greensboro sit ins encourage
150 cities to introduce some form of desegregation
SNCC
Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee
SCLC
Southern Christian Leadership Confrence
What did the SNCC reject about the SCLC
Rejected MLK’s top-down leadership and focused on empowering black communities
from 1961-64 what did the SNCC organise
Citizenship classes and assisted impoverished black share croppers in voter registration in the Mississippi Delta
Who took part in Freedom Rides
CORE and SNCC in 1961
What were the Freedom Rides
Small integrated group travelling the South to test Supreme Court rulings against segregation in interstate travel
When was Birmingham
1963
How was King’s approach in Birmingham unusual
*used children to protest to gain media attention
*Encouraged Kennedy to promote Civil Rights Bill
When was the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedoms
1963
Weakness in 1964 Civil Rights Act
did little to facilitate Black Voting
When was Selma
1965- culminated in ‘Bloody Sunday’
King’s failed Northern Strategy
1966 Chicago Freedom Campaign
How did the SNCC and CORE demonstrate growing black radicalism (2)
- expelled whites in 1966 and 1968
- Declared non-violence inappropriate when BA needed to defend themselves
