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History- Quest for civil Rights > 1955-80 Black Americans > Flashcards

1955-80 Black Americans Flashcards

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1
Q

When was Rosa Parks arrested

A

1955

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2
Q

When was the Montgomery Bus boycott

A

1955-56

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3
Q

What did the boycott show

A

the potential power of non-violent and large scale direct action

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4
Q

What led to the desegregation of buses

A

Browder v Gayle 1956

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5
Q

What was Little Rock

A

1957- NAACP encouraged 9 black students to enrol in the newly desegregated school

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6
Q

What did Little Rock achieve

A

SC ruling Cooper v Aaron 1958
-declared unconstitutional any law seeking to keep schools segregated

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7
Q

Why was litigation becoming less effective

A

The Supreme Court lacked powers of enforcement

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8
Q

Example of Supreme Court Ruling not being upheld

A

Shelly v Kraemer (1948)- ruled against discrimination in housing sales

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9
Q

When were the Greensboro sit ins

A

1960

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10
Q

How many students emulated the Greensboro sit ins

A

70,000

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11
Q

What did the Greensboro sit ins encourage

A

150 cities to introduce some form of desegregation

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12
Q

SNCC

A

Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee

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13
Q

SCLC

A

Southern Christian Leadership Confrence

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14
Q

What did the SNCC reject about the SCLC

A

Rejected MLK’s top-down leadership and focused on empowering black communities

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15
Q

from 1961-64 what did the SNCC organise

A

Citizenship classes and assisted impoverished black share croppers in voter registration in the Mississippi Delta

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16
Q

Who took part in Freedom Rides

A

CORE and SNCC in 1961

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17
Q

What were the Freedom Rides

A

Small integrated group travelling the South to test Supreme Court rulings against segregation in interstate travel

18
Q

When was Birmingham

A

1963

19
Q

How was King’s approach in Birmingham unusual

A

*used children to protest to gain media attention
*Encouraged Kennedy to promote Civil Rights Bill

20
Q

When was the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedoms

A

1963

21
Q

Weakness in 1964 Civil Rights Act

A

did little to facilitate Black Voting

22
Q

When was Selma

A

1965- culminated in ‘Bloody Sunday’

23
Q

King’s failed Northern Strategy

A

1966 Chicago Freedom Campaign

24
Q

How did the SNCC and CORE demonstrate growing black radicalism (2)

A
  • expelled whites in 1966 and 1968
  • Declared non-violence inappropriate when BA needed to defend themselves
25
Q

Black Panthers ghetto improvement

A

established clinics in which advise was given on health, welfare and legal rights

26
Q

Who established the Black Panthers

A

Huey Newton and Bobby Seale in 1966

27
Q

What contributed to the decline in the Black Panthers in the 1970s (3)

A

-Shootouts
-Successful targeting of authorities
-internal divisions

28
Q

What did the 1964 Civil Rights Act do (2)

A

-ended de jure segregation
-promoted greater equality in education and employment

29
Q

What did the 1965 Voting Rights Act do

A

Gave BA greater voting and political power

30
Q

Black Americans in Congress (3)

A

1959- 4
1969- 10
1980- 18

31
Q

BA mayors in major cities

A

*Detroit
*LA
*Washington DC
*Atlanta
*Birmingham

32
Q

Rate of Black voting by 1980

A

7% lower to that of whites

33
Q

Limitations to black political power in the 1980s

A
  • Proportion of BA in Congress still disproportionate
  • Not proportionate increase in black elected officials
34
Q

Black senators 1967-79

A

-Only 1: Edward William Brooke III

35
Q

Supreme Court promoting racial equality by ruling that no redrawing of political boundaries should leave BME worse off in political representation

A

Beer vs United States 1976

36
Q

Supreme Court weakening the Voting Rights Act

A

City of Mobile v Bolden 1980
-made it harder to challenge discrimination voting laws

37
Q

% of desegregated schools

A

by 1974 % of segregated schools in the South went form 68% to 8%

38
Q

White Anti-Busing Group

A

ROAR- Restore Our Alienated Rights

39
Q

Legislation against busing

A

Milliken v Bradley 1974
1974/75 Democratic- controlled Congress approved anti-busing legislation

40
Q

1980 median black household income

A

Only 60% that of whites, similar to 1965

41
Q

Proportion of BA in poverty

A

33%- three times higher than whites

History- Quest for civil Rights (3 decks)

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