1947-67 Flashcards
1
Q
nationalist leader from the Malay Peninsula
A
Onn bin Ja’afar
2
Q
nationalist leaders from West Africa
A
Nigeria - Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe
GC - Kwame Nkrumah
3
Q
nationalist leader from East Africa
A
Jomo Kenyatta
4
Q
nationalist leader from South Africa
A
Nelson Mandela
5
Q
colonial administrator in Uganda
A
sir Andrew Cohen
6
Q
colonial administrator in Nigeria
A
sir John Macpherson
7
Q
colonial administrator in the Gold Coast
A
Sir Charles Arden-Clarke
8
Q
nationalist leader from Southern Uganda
A
Milton Obote
9
Q
why did decolonisation end up happening much more quickly than had been expected after WW2.?
A
- Changes in the international situation and Britain’s economic position after WW2
- The rapid growth of nationalism in the empire
- The effective leadership of nationalist politicians
10
Q
why did nationalism escalate?
A
- Increased educational opportunities for the indigenous peoples
- Indigenous elites had a better understanding of the wider world beyond the colony
- Wider indigenous population had an increased purchasing power
- Inflation increased
- Led to more dissatisfaction with imperial rule
- Resulted in the emergence of nationalist leaders prepared to challenge British domination.
11
Q
Onn bin Ja’afar of Malay Peninsula
A
Founded United Malays National Organisation (UMNO)
12
Q
Kwame Nkrumah - Gold Coast
A
- educated in a mission school and then U.S. and British universities where he was exposed to lots of political ideas.
- believer in pan-Africanism and organised the 5th Pan-African Congress in Manchester
- On his return to the Gold Coast he got involved in nationalist politics
- brief imprisonment in 1948
- became Prime Minister in 1953
- successfully negotiated Ghana’s independence.
13
Q
Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe
A
- Western education led to him developing a strong sense of nationalism
- Created the National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons (NCNC)
- In an ethnically divided region, he managed to forge a deal with the Northern People’s Congress (representing the Muslim north of Nigeria)
- He persuaded the British that ethnic / religious divisions could be bridged and that an independent Nigeria was possible
- he negotiated a peaceful transition to independence.
14
Q
jomo Kenyatta
A
- educated at a Scottish missionary school
- Already interested in politics he went to London in 1929 and stayed for 17 years
- He returned to Kenya in 1946 and soon became an important figure in nationalist politics and a leader of the Kikuyu
- He was implicated (probably falsely) in the Mau Mau uprising and imprisoned but whilst in gaol he was elected leader of KANU (Kenya African National Union).
- On his release, he began to negotiate independence
- achieved in 1963
- became Prime Minister and then President.
15
Q
milton Obote
A
- educated in a missionary school and then at Makarere university.
- He became politicised whilst working in Kenya.
- On his return, he joined the Ugandan National Congress and was elected to the Colonial Legislative Council.
- In 1962, he was appointed Prime Minister of an independent Uganda by the Governor-General, Sir Walter Coutts.
16
Q
nelson Mandela
A
- educated by missionaries
- became involved in politics while studying Law at university in South Africa.
- In 1944, he helped form the youth league of African National Congress.
- In 1952 he was chosen to head the ‘Defiance Campaign’ of civil disobedience against unjust laws.
- He was influenced by Marxism and joined the South African Communist Party and led the armed wing of the ANC.
- He was imprisoned in 1962 and was eventually given a life sentence.
- He emerged as a great leader with the collapse of apartheid and became president of South Africa in 1994.
17
Q
sir Charles Arden Clarke
A
- Arrived in the Gold Coast in the aftermath of the 1948 Accra riots.
- Arden-Clarke released Nkrumah in 1951 and invited him to form a government.
- they developed a real feeling of friendship and partnership.
- It was this ability to form a close, personal relationship with Nkrumah that allowed Arden-Clarke to proceed peacefully to independence for the Gold Coast.
- Commentators at the time saw that Arden-Clarke was exactly what was needed from a colonial administrator at the time, paving the way for a peaceful transfer of power.
- He also managed any disagreements between Nkrumah and other Ashanti politicians who were worried they would be excluded in an independent Ghana.
18
Q
A
