1914-1947 Flashcards
what was lend-lease
Agreement during WW2 in which the US supplied Britain with weapons and other materials - $360 billion
Britain had to pay this back
when did lend-lease stop
August 1945
who stopped lend-lease
Ferguson
what was the Anglo-American loan
a loan of £900 million in 1945
when was the Anglo-American loan
1945
who secured the Anglo-American loan for Britain
Keynes was sent to the US to obtain a new arrangement
t&cs of Anglo-American loan
Said that the pound had to be made freely convertible to dollars by Spring 1947 but Britain did not have sterling reserves.
what was the dual-approach?
it decided that if the costs of controlling a colony massively outstripped its actual or potential value, imperial control was abandoned. For example, India, Burma and Palestine in 1947. Also, Malaya.
how did colonies strengthen the empire in the inter-war years?
they can ‘deal with political disagreements’ and ‘crush’ potential opposition
- 1939 Indian nationalists support Britain’s war effort as a way of achieving some independence
how did colonies weaken the empire in the inter-war years?
- Government of India Act 1919
- Rowlatt Act 1919 – could be detained without charge for ‘civil disobedience’ need to pass it suggests that Britain are weaker
how did mandates strengthen the empire in the inter-war years?
- Keep a level of control over the oil industry
- Keep access to airbases in Iraq
- Keep troops in the Suez Canal zone
- Egypt remains a client state, did not make important decisions without Britain
how did mandates weaken the empire in the inter-war years?
- Independence of Iraq 1932
- Level of self-rule in 1921
- Egypt gains independence in 1922
how did dominions strengthen the empire in the inter-war years?
- Australia and New Zealand part of the Sterling area, brought them closer to Britain because of their dependence on Britain
- 1926 Ottowa conference: preferential trade agreements which work in Britain’s favour.
- Collaboration: informal relation strengthened British policy working as ‘equal parties’
how did dominions weaken the empire in the inter-war years?
- 1926: Imperial conference leads to autonomy of Dominions
- Canada uses this opportunity to forge a relationship with the USA
- 1931 statute of Westminster, allows dominions to pass their own laws
Creation of the Irish Free State in 1921
how did white settler colonies strengthen the empire in the inter-war years?
- Gezira cotton scheme
- In 1920, £10 million to develop cotton industry in Sudan
- In 1925, they give money for the development of rail and docks in East Africa
